Cancer
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Fibrosarcoma is a relatively rare kind of cancerous tumor that develops in the connective tissues and bones of the skeleton. It is most commonly seen in the pelvic area, the spine, skull and the ribs but can occur in any bone and connective tissue throughout the body. Younger dogs can sometimes develop a very rare type of fibrosarcoma in the mouth and this is more common that the skeletal fibrosarcoma.
Fibrosarcoma in the mouth is often first misdiagnosed as a dental health problem since it is associated with swollen and bleeding gums and lumps along the jaws, under the tongue or towards the back of the mouth. Usually vets will treat these with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs first, then if they do not respond they perform x-rays of the area and check for tumors. [...]
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Some diseases respect neither rank nor species.
Such is the case with Addison's disease, an adrenal gland disorder that can strike any breed of dog and any race of human, including former United States President John F. Kennedy. In cases of Addison's disease, the adrenal gland fails to produce enough steroid hormones, specifically two classes known as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The disease itself is named after British physician Dr. Thomas Addison, who first recognized and wrote about the problem in 1855. [...]
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Lymphoma is a cancer that affects the cells of the immune system. This cancer in dogs is not dissimilar to non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in humans. While in some cases, a dog can have a complete remission of lymphoma, in most cases it can be life ending and a dog that does not undergo any treatment can have as little as two months to live after diagnosis. In this article, we'll learn about some of the causes of lymphoma, its symptoms and the various treatments that are available.
Lymphoma usually manifests itself as tumors in the lymph nodes, which are the closest to the skin's surface. This can happen in dogs of any age or any breed, though it usually occurs in middle aged dogs and Golden Retrievers are considered to have a higher risk of developing lymphoma. [...]
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Lymphosarcoma, better known as lymphoma or lymphoma cancer, is a disease that affects the cells of the immune system. This grave disease, not very different from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in human beings, is often fast moving and difficult to detect. Many dogs can only expect a life expectancy of two months after diagnosis if they do not undergo treatment. In this article, we'll take a closer look at how Lymphosarcoma develops, its symptoms and the best way to treat it.
Like any other cancer, Lymphosarcoma begins when a group of cells "go wrong." They usually group together and attack other cells or form tumors. With Lymphosarcoma, these tumors form in the lymph nodes, which are the closest to the skin's surface. [...]
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Malignant Histiocytosis, also sometimes called Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma, is a relatively rare disease that is usually fatal. This disorder involves white blood cells that infiltrate a variety of organs, causing them to fail and the life expectancy can be anywhere from hours to weeks after diagnosis. Even more frustrating, this disease can be very difficult to diagnose. In this article, we'll learn how Malignant Histiocytosis develops, its symptoms and what options are available for those that are suffering from this disease.
[h]What is Malignant Histiocytosis?[/h]
Histiocytes are a kind of white blood cell that derives from the bone marrow. Their purpose is to latch on to material that should not be in the body and dispose of them. From the bone marrow, they travel to different organs in the body to help keep them healthy. [...]
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Mast cell tumors are a cancerous disease that is common in dogs. Usually found on the skin, this disease can also develop in other areas of the body. While most dogs that develop the disease have reached middle age, Mast cell tumors can develop in dogs of any age, breed or sex. In this article, we'll take a closer look at Mast cell tumors, their symptoms, and what treatments are available.
[h]What are Mast cell tumors?[/h]
Mast cells are cells that work in conjunction with the immune system. They are distributed throughout the body to help fight infections and inflammation. Once dispatched to an affected area, they can release several different chemicals including histamine, heparin and serotonin. While these cells are vitally important in the body's natural defense against infection, they can severely damage the body when produced in excessive amounts. [...]
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Hemangiosarcoma is a cancer that, in the most serious variety, is almost always fatal in dogs because it is so difficult to detect before it has reached the life-threatening stage. Historically the prognosis for the disease is not good because by the time it is diagnosed there were no treatment options and the dog typically died within six to eight weeks after the diagnosis. With new methods for testing for the cancer as well as drug therapies and chemotherapy the disease, while still very serious, is often not fatal if detected early. [...]
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Although only about one to two percent of all cancers reported in dogs are bladder cancer, this type of cancer is potentially life threatening and is often very difficult to diagnose, especially at the early stages when treatment would be most effective. The most common type of bladder cancer in dogs is transitional cell carcinoma and the exact method of the development of this type of cancer is unknown. Females are more commonly found with bladder cancer and spayed females have a slightly higher risk than intact females, which is the opposite of most types of canine cancers. The breeds most commonly found with bladder cancer include the West Highland White, Shetland Sheepdog, Wirehaired Fox Terriers, Beagles and Scottish Terriers. [...]
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Gastric carcinoma can refer to any type of cancer, either a primary cancer or one that has spread from another organ or tissue, to the gastro-intestinal tract. Often these types of cancers are very hard to diagnose unless there is an obvious bone or skin cancer that provides evidence to the vet that this is not a simple digestive disorder. Often the gastric carcinoma is not discovered until it has developed into a significant sized tumor or mass, or has spread to another organ or tissue that has lead to the diagnosis.
Gastric carcinoma usually affects dogs that are in their mid teens to senior years, although with some breeds it can be seen earlier. This form of cancer, especially as a primary cancer site, tends to be relatively uncommon in most breeds, however it is most common in the Scottish Terrier, and the Belgian Shepherd. Occasionally other breeds such as Collies and Chow Chows are diagnosed with gastric carcinoma but this is often in conjunction with intestinal cancer that then spreads to the stomach. [...]
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As with most types of cancers, intestinal cancer is often present in the dog's body for months or even years before it is properly diagnosed and treated. For many dogs this delay in actually finding out that the dog has cancer eliminates many forms of treatment, leaving the owner and the vet few options to help save the dog's life. Most dogs with intestinal cancer are diagnosed when they are between six and nine years of age, so most are still younger, energetic dogs when they are diagnosed.
Intestinal cancers can occur in any breed of dog, large or small. There are several different types of intestinal cancers and they range from lymphoma to mast cell tumors. Each type of tumor poses its own types of growth patterns as well as the concern of the cancer spreading to other body organs. Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymph glands and lymph cells, many which are located throughout the organs, particularly in the intestines. [...]
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Some breeds of dogs, particularly those that are black or have a dark coat, are prone to melanoma, which is a form of cancer of the skin. Malignant melanoma is caused by a tumor in the melanocytes that are the cells in the skin that produce pigment or coloration. Small bumps will appear in the mouth, on the skin or between the toes and are often very fast growing. They may be black or dark brown in color and will typically have irregular, rough edges. Sometimes the tumor may stay quite small and then suddenly start to grow. The biggest concern with malignant melanoma is that the cancer quickly spreads to other organs of the body, often with fatal results. Typically the diagnosis of malignant melanoma is between the ages of 9-12 and is most common in dark colored male dogs. [...]
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One of the most common types of skin cancer found in all animals is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer develops on either the epidermis or the epithelium layers of the skin right at the root sheath of the hair follicle. In dogs there are actually two different types of squamous cell carcinoma found and each of the two is more common to specific breeds, indicating a genetic factor involved in the development of the cancer.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is most commonly seen in breeds such as the Basset Hound, Standard Poodle and the Bloodhound and usually only in older dogs of these breeds. The lesions start as small, irregular bumps often found on the head, between the pads of the feet, on the lower stomach and on the genital area of both males and females. These raised wart looking bumps are often ulcerated and very rough and irritated looking. [...]
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Literally cancer can form anywhere in the body, and hemangiosarcomas are cancerous cells and tumors that form in the blood vessels throughout a dog's body. Any breed of dog can develop hemangiosarcomas although they are most common in breeds such as the German Shepherd, Boxer, English Setter and Golden Retriever. Since it is most common in these particular breeds of dogs there is likely a genetic factor that contributes to the development of the cancer, although the exact link or marker is not known. It is interesting to note that hemangiosarcomas are very rare in other species of pets with cats rarely if ever developing the condition. Humans also very rarely develop hemangiosarcomas, which means that research on this cancer is really specific to researchers working with canine cancers. [...]
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Mammary cancers can be either benign or malignant and are found almost exclusively in intact females that have had at least one litter or have come into heat at least once. Occasionally even very young intact females under two years of age will have tumors, but typically these can be removed with a very high success rate. Spayed females have a very low incidence of mammary cancer, and females spayed before their first litter have the lowest chance of developing the condition. Very occasionally males, usually those that have not been neutered, may also develop mammary cancer and this is usually very aggressive or malignant and the prognosis is very poor for recovery. [...]
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Osteosarcoma is a form of bone cancer that tends to be most commonly diagnosed in middle aged to senior dogs. Any breed can develop osteosarcoma but the larger heavier boned breeds tend to the most prone to the condition. The breeds most often associated with the condition include the giant and large breeds such as the Great Dane, Newfoundland, St. Bernard, Irish Wolfhound, Rottweiler, Labrador, Golden Retriever, Boxer and Weimaranar. The group of dogs that weigh over 80 pounds is the most commonly affected, with this weight range 60% more likely to develop the cancer than any lighter breeds of dogs. Males of any breed are more commonly diagnosed with the condition than females, perhaps because the bones tend to be heavier and more developed in males of most breeds. [...]
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Cancer
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