http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/Health.asp Articles about Health en-us Wed, 23 Jan 2008 15:30:04 EST Wed, 23 Jan 2008 15:30:04 EST dogs@terrificpets.com Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1024865.asp Airedale Terriers are a relatively healthy breed with just a few health issues which they are susceptible to, with one of them being skin problems. Skin problems are not uncommon in many breeds of dogs and may be caused by a variety of reasons. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1024865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1024865.asp> Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1025065.asp There is nothing worse than purchasing a new family pet, just to learn that someone in your home is allergic to the animal and you must take it back to the breeder. This is much less likely to happen with a Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier because they have hair, rather than the fur coats of most dogs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1025065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1025065.asp> Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026565.asp One of the primary concerns with taking care of purebreds is their specific dietary needs. This is especially true with the Akita. Generic and branded dog food will not provide your dog's essential nutrition. It may even raise health concerns like gastric torsion or bloating. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026565.asp> Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026665.asp Veterinarian researchers at several American universities have been conducting research into the cause and cure of protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), which appears to be higher in Soft-Coated Wheaton Terriers than any other breed. PLN appears to be an inherent genetic problem with the breed that affects the dog's kidneys. Wheatens suffering with this condition experience ascites, diarrhea and vomiting, as well as the subsequent weight loss. Because protein is lost through elimination, a dog sick with PLN will become quite listless and must be treated as soon as possible. In some cases, PLN, which directly affects the kidneys, can be fatal. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026665.asp> Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026965.asp An Akita Inu is a perfect household pet, especially if you have young children in the house. Since ancient times, this breed of dog has shown alertness, devotion, fearlessness, loyalty and intelligence. A properly trained Akita also seems to fall back on its tranquil nature; it is often said that the dog is undeniably tolerant and patient with its human companions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1026965.asp> Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1028565.asp There is no question that Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldogs are one of the rarest dog breeds in the world. The true number of how many of these dogs varies, depending on who you ask, but some place the number as low as below one hundred and fifty. With such a small genetic pool, there are naturally some concerns about inbreeding and making sure the breed maintains its health in order to survive. In this article, we'll take a look at why the Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog is struggling to survive, what health concerns they risk from inbreeding, and what you can to do to ensure that you adopt a healthy Alapaha. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1028565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/1028565.asp> Mon, 17 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10211065.asp Scottish Terriers, among their many other unique attributes, have unfortunately been historically shown to be much more prone to certain types of cancers than other breeds. In particular, they are at a very high risk for bladder cancer, speaking comparatively to other terriers. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10211065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10211065.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10212565.asp Taking care of an American bulldog is no easy feat, but then again, taking care of any living thing is no easy feat. An American bulldog is a very hardy breed of dog that can be a very gracious and loyal pet if taken care of properly and carefully. Included in your duties as an American bulldog owner is the necessary vaccinations your dog should have, feeding it, grooming it and training it. These responsibilities are yours from the moment you get yourself the dog and how you go about taking care of your bulldog translates to how happy and healthy your pet will be. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10212565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10212565.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10212965.asp The Pekingese is a very active and relatively healthy dog, but like any other dog it does have some health issues. One of the main health problems in the Pekingese is congestive heart failure. In fact, congestive heart failure is also the leading cause of death in the Pekingese. When it is diagnosed in a puppy at a young age, it can often be successfully treated with medication. This is, however, provided it is diagnosed at an early age. When it is properly diagnosed and treated, the Pekingese is often able to live a long and healthy life. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10212965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10212965.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10213565.asp Dogs have coats of hair on their body that act as insulation for the summer months as well as the winter months. This is the purpose of them shedding and growing new hair. Sometimes, however, even with their heavy coats they have difficulty dealing with certain temperatures. This is definitely the case with the Pekingese. The Pekingese is very heat sensitive and may have many difficulties dealing with the hot months of summer. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10213565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10213565.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214365.asp Newfoundlands are a large, soft, heavy breed that makes them perfect for cuddling, but their weight and fur can sometimes be a dangerous pair. While their fur is water-resistant, it consists of a long, normally black double coat. That amount and coloring of hair combined with the extra weight Newfoundlands tend to naturally carry make their bodies more sensitive to high heat and humidity. Dogs can only pant and have sweat glands on only their paws and noses-none of which is sufficient to keep a Newfoundland cool enough to stave off heat stroke. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214365.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214465.asp Newfoundlands may not adjust well to a small yard or small apartment because of their sheer size. Because Newfoundlands are naturally large animals, owners may make the mistake of overfeeding them and cause obesity to develop in their pet. Newfoundlands are a husky breed, sometimes referred to as "Gentle Giants", at an average weight of 130 to 150 pounds and a height of 26 inches for a female and 28 inches for a male. Thus, they require a huge amount of food but the key is in the type given to the Newfoundland to avoid ill-effects on his health. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214465.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214665.asp American foxhounds are a breed of dog that has a very high energy or activity level. They can run, go for long walks, play ball, hike through fields, run all day and still have energy left over. Obedience training is not only a great way to socialize your American foxhound, but is important for an active dog. It gives you control over your pet as many active foxhounds are also very excitable and need to understand commands such as sit, quiet, stay, and down. It is easier to obedience train your American foxhound when he is young so you have the knowledge to properly correct any behavioral problems if they occur. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10214665.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10216465.asp Newfoundlands seem to be prone to a deficiency in taurine. Different breeds are susceptible to various illnesses for a multitude of reasons, thus researchers obtain grants annually to investigate these illness as they decided to do some years ago in the case of the Newfoundland. Newfoundlands tend to be prone to more heart and eye problems than anything else and it seems that taurine may be a factor. Taurine's main purpose job is to facilitate potassium, sodium, and calcium to cells. When there is not sufficient taurine in a dog's diet then a condition known as dilated cardiomyopathy occurs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10216465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10216465.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10216765.asp Compared to a number of breeds, the American Eskimo is highly active, meaning there needs to be a certain number of calories in their diet in order for them to stay healthy. While many dog owners feed their pets a simple dog food formula, it should be noted that feeding requirements also hinge on body size, coat and age. There can be no dog food that is a one size fits all solution for so many breeds. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10216765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10216765.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10217265.asp Despite their fluffy white coat and husky like appearance, the American Eskimo breed really has nothing to do with Eskimos or anything even close to Alaska. However, with its solid white or off cream colored coat, the Eskie as it is sometimes referred to, definitely reminds people of snow. At the same time, their dense double coat makes them excellent for cold weather climates. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10217265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10217265.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10217665.asp Grooming your Australian Kelpie is fairly simple as their coats are relatively short and need little maintenance. However, there are a few things you can do to keep your Kelpie in tip top condition! http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10217665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10217665.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10219765.asp A healthy, nutritional diet is what keeps your Australian terrier healthy, feeling his best and looking great. Feeding your terrier a healthy diet can save money in the end by reducing your veterinarian bills. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10219765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10219765.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10220065.asp Common symptoms of diabetes in your Australian terrier include increased thirst and water consumption and excessive, frequent urination. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10220065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10220065.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10220165.asp Dog ownership is a huge responsibility and feeding your dog and ensuring they receive a nutritionally good diet is probably one of the biggest concerns you will have. Common sense will tell you that a German Shepherd is not going to eat the same kind of food that you would feed your Miniature Schnauzer and vice versa. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10220165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10220165.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10221165.asp Canine Urolithiasis is a disease that affects many pets. Miniature Schnauzers are particularly susceptible to this disease. Urolithiasis is caused by the urinary tract having uroliths (stones) or calculi (excess amounts of crystal). Urolithiasis is also known as urinary calculi, bladder stones, cystitis or kidney stones. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10221165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10221165.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10221965.asp For the most part, the Australian Cattle Dog is a very healthy breed. They are sturdy and strong, able to not only withstand the harsh Australian climate but able to confidently move around herds of cattle without any fear of injury. Cattle Dog breeders have worked quite hard to ensure their favorite breed maintains a certain standard. This has helped to keep the unfortunate effects of unscrupulous breeding practices at bay. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10221965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10221965.asp> Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10223765.asp No dog is perfect; different dogs have different health conditions and problems. Likewise, your Mastiff is also susceptible to certain health problems. It is important that you know the signs that indicate that your Mastiff is suffering from illnesses, whether they be mild or serious conditions. The Mastiff tends to bloat when it eats or drinks too fast. This can be a very serious condition. With bloating, the Mastiff's stomach tends to twist or flip upside down while eliminating blood supply to its stomach. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10223765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10223765.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10225565.asp Just like people, Bichon Frises require regular dental care to keep their teeth and gums healthy and prevent periodontal disease. Gingivitis, caused by plaque and tartar buildup could lead to more serious health problems if left unattended. Starting dental care when your Bichon Frise is young and checking your pet's mouth for problems will help avoid many dental problems from occurring. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10225565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10225565.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10229365.asp There are several different health problems that affect the Labrador retriever throughout their life. Some are easy to spot and others may go undiagnosed until it's too late to really help the dog. It would be nice if all dogs were the same so we would always know what to expect. Unfortunately, this is not the case as many of the health ailments the Labrador retriever (as well as other dogs) develops are hereditary. This answers many of the questions about why one Labrador is perfectly healthy and another got seriously ill in his or her lifetime. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10229365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10229365.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10230865.asp The Bouvier des Flandres is a relatively healthy dog with few health issues. One problem that does affect many Bouvier des Flandres is Atopic Dermatitis. Atopic Dermatitis is a skin disease caused by a dog's allergic reaction to something such as pollen, fleas or even food allergies. When the Bouvier is a victim of Atopic Dermatitis, the skin becomes rough, itchy and oozing with fluid. This is caused by the immune system's reactions to the different allergies or allergens. It has not been determined if Atopic Dermatitis is inherited from one parent or the other. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10230865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10230865.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10232665.asp When raising a Great Dane in your home, there are some illnesses that you should know about. Having a short life span is one of the most negative aspects of the Great Dane breed. Their life span usually ranges from seven to ten years. The most common health problems that the Great Dane faces are gastric torsion or bloat, heart diseases, and some types of cancers. There can be varying factors that can result to an unhealthy Great Dane. Improper diet, infections, and false pregnancies among others are just some of the factors that can lead to a serious or simple illness that happens to most Great Danes. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10232665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10232665.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10233365.asp The Brittany is a high energy dog but never in a neurotic sense. They are a grounded breed that simply loves to be out and about or where ever their owner is. Nonetheless, their lean towards an active lifestyle will make certain calorie requirements an issue. Dogs have a number of various systems to support and the improper balance of protein, fatty acids and vitamins can lead to health problems that span from the minor to the major. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10233365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10233365.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10234365.asp The Bullmastiff is a very large and strong dog, but like all dogs is prone to some health issues - specifically eye disorders. Although this does not mean all Bullmastiffs will develop these eye disorders, they are more prone to them than other breeds of dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10234365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10234365.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10235865.asp Many dog owners get a dog and feel all they need to do is go out and buy dog food and they're all set to go. Often, they choose the cheapest dog food on the market, especially if it's for a large breed of dog like the Bullmastiff. Because of their large size and equally large appetite, they are going to be expensive to feed. To maintain their good health however, it's important to always feed your Bullmastiff a good and nutritionally balanced diet. It may seem expensive at the start, but it will add to their lifespan and save on vet bills in the future. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10235865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10235865.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10236065.asp If you're considering getting a Bullmastiff, it is very important that you know what you are getting in this dog. Hopefully, he'll be with you for a very long time, so you want to make a choice that will make you both happy with each other. After all, there is nothing more rewarding than the bond between a dog and his owner. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10236065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10236065.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10237365.asp For those who seek to own a Bull Terrier, it would be prudent to know the common health issues associated with this breed. The owner of a Bull Terrier may have to deal with these health issues on a day-to-day basis and also make preparations in case they occur in the future. A Bull Terrier's lifespan may range from 10-12 years, but it may live longer if the owner is conscious of the serious health issues that may put his Bull Terrier at risk. Diseases in dogs may occur because of trauma, infection, immune system abnormalities, genetics, or degenerative conditions. The following are health issues that are commonly related to a Bull Terrier. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10237365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10237365.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10238465.asp As easy as the bulldog is to keep healthy, the one problem that the bulldog can easily suffer from is overheating. Although heat is hard on all dogs, the bulldog in particular cannot stand the heat. The main cooling method of dogs is panting to get rid of body heat. Dogs with a short nose such as bulldogs have a more difficult time panting to keep cool. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10238465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10238465.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10239665.asp If you have a female British Bulldog and you are planning to use her for breeding, there are some important details that you need to be aware of. As it is, breeding is a very large step for the dog and the dog owner and requires a lot of care and knowledge. Although giving birth is considered part of nature, there are always circumstances where the natural process may go wrong. This is especially true with the bulldogs, which often have to give birth by caesarian sections. In fact, 90% of pregnancies in bulldogs results in caesarian births. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10239665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10239665.asp> Wed, 19 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10240165.asp The Bulldog is a very wonderful dog to have as a pet. They get along with everyone, but they especially love being around children. From the time they enter your home, it will feel like they are one of the family. In many ways, it will seem like there is another person in your home. You will especially feel this way at night when you hear your new bulldog snoring. Yes, bulldogs do indeed snore. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10240165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10240165.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10242465.asp As with all dogs, there are certain health problems that the Chesapeake Bay Retriever is prone to developing. Hip Dysplasia is one of those problems. Many large breed dogs are susceptible to hip Dysplasia. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10242465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10242465.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10247065.asp Cocker spaniels are well known for their long, pendulous ears covered with hair. While they are a very attractive feature of the dog, they require a lot of care to prevent problems such as ear infections. Ear infections can be quite painful, and without treatment can permanently damage the ears. In this article, we'll take a look at how you can help prevent ear infections and what treatment is available to cure them. The major cause of ear infections in Cocker spaniels is not enough air circulation around the ear canal, which can make them extremely moist and much easier for an infection to start. You can check for signs of an ear infection by lifting up the ear and checking for red skin, a "cheesy" odor or any sign of discharge. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10247065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10247065.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10248465.asp Epilepsy and seizures are the bane of many Vizslas existence. Some dogs are more susceptible to the condition than others, and great amounts of research and money has gone into finding the source of it and discovering cures for it. The Vizsla is an incredibly energetic pointer and retriever due to its historical experience but epilepsy is an incredibly common feature of the breed likely because of that same history. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10248465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10248465.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10249765.asp Kooikerhondjes are just like humans in that they need good hygiene practices and good grooming to look and feel their best. Some of the basics of this upkeep include baths and brushing, special attention to eye care, and conscientious toenail maintenance. These practices are essential to keeping your Kooikerhondje healthy and a pleasure to have around the house. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10249765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10249765.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10250065.asp Health problems can be passed down to dogs from their parents just like human children can inherit health problems from their parents. For the Kooikerhondje breed this is a real concern because they have a small gene pool. This makes them an easy target for such genetic conditions. Breeders try very hard to reduce or eliminate diseases and problems such as cataracts, epilepsy, patella luxation, and Von Willebrand's disease through tests and selective breeding. Breeders are taking these steps to ensure the health of the Kooikerhondje breed. Let's look at why this is so important. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10250065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10250065.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251065.asp The Japanese Chin is a fairly healthy dog with few health problems. With good care, the Chin can live from 12 to 14 years. As is the case with most dogs, some health problems seem to affect some dogs more than others do. With the Japanese Chin, the problem can be breathing difficulties. Dyspnea is a form of respiratory (breathing) distress that often affects the Japanese Chin. There are different causes for dyspnea such as heart disease, heart failure, infection, trauma, fluid or bleeding in the lungs or chest or lung disease. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251065.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251565.asp The Japanese Chin has many characteristics that make them unique from other dogs. One of these characteristics is their bulging oversized eyes. Although these eyes may look cute and give the Chin a unique look, they are also responsible for causing the dog health problems. There are a couple of problems the Japanese Chin is affected by due to these oversized eyes. Because of the large size of the eyes, they extend out of the socket further than they should. This makes it very easy for the eye to be scratched in any number of ways. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251565.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251665.asp The Japanese Chin is a wonderful pet and companion to anyone lucky enough to own one. They have so many good qualities as far as pets go. There is one problem that is often very difficult to deal with and that is the separation anxiety the dog goes through each time you leave him. The Japanese Chin has a dependent type of personality and feel they need to be with their owners at all times. They love sitting on their lap or just being next to them. When they are left alone, they will whine, cry and often resort to destructive behavior such as chewing, digging or barking. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10251665.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10252465.asp The Alaskan malamute originated from the Arctic region. For many years, this breed of dog had relied on the common foods of the region, such as whale meat, salmon, seal meat, and halibut. Even in the resourceful world of today, such foods are hard to come by, and they are definitely not available in commercially prepared dog food. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10252465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10252465.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10252965.asp Other than the red Alaskan malamute, the pigmentation of the nose, lip, and eye rim of all other color coats of the breed is usually black. Brown is generally acceptable for the red Alaskan malamute. However, one of the mysteries of the Alaskan malamute is the phenomenon known as the "snow nose". http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10252965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10252965.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10254065.asp Many times when people look up information on the Australian shepherd, it is then that they realize that they are prone to having multiple different eye diseases or problems. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10254065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10254065.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10255265.asp Dogs need exercise as much as humans do to control their weight and to maintain their health. Basset hounds have special needs when it comes to exercise and staying in shape. Furthermore, these needs are dependent upon the age of the dog because puppies have needs that differ from those of adults. This article will look at the needs of these two life stages so that you can provide the best and most appropriate exercise for your basset hound. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10255265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10255265.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10255365.asp All dogs have their desirable aspects and their less desirable aspects. Basset hounds can make wonderful pets but can present many challenges too. Some of their less appealing characteristics have to do with stubbornness, noise, shedding, gassiness, and chronic health problems. Let's take a look at some of these challenges a little more closely. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10255365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10255365.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256365.asp Different breeds of dog have different body types, and these differences can leave them more prone to different health and hygiene problems. Basset hounds, for example, are known for their long droopy ears, but this adorable characteristic brings with it its own group of problems and concerns. This article will take a look at why their ears can be an issue, what problems can arise, and even a little about what can be done to prevent these problems before they start. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256365.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256465.asp Dalmatians are not nearly as high maintenance as some other breeds but there are some things that owners must be aware of when they adopt one of these adorable dogs. Special concerns about diet and common health problems make it important that you be armed with information about the best ways to care for your pet. Diet The food you choose to offer your Dalmatian is probably the single most important aspect of his care. The urinary tracts of these dogs are much like those of a human in that they have difficulty processing certain types of protein. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256465.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256865.asp If you are considering adopting a Dalmatian there are some health issues that you should know about before you make your decision. Overall the Dalmatian is a healthy and hardy dog, but irresponsible breeding practices as well as natural genetic tendencies have resulted in some conditions that must be considered. Deafness It has been estimated that about 8% of Dalmatians are born deaf and about 22% are only able to hear out of one ear. Research has suggested that the deafness is linked to the gene responsible for the Dalmatian's white coat. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10256865.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10258665.asp The Canaan dog is a very intelligent, sensitive and independent dog. This dog got its origin in Israel and has through the years gained popularity in many other countries including the United States. The Canaan dog is a very versatile dog that excels in many sports and events such as herding, conformation, agility, obedience and tracking. The Canaan is a very strong and independent dog that has a high tolerance rate for certain things and a low tolerance for others. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10258665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10258665.asp> Thu, 20 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10260065.asp The Clumber Spaniel is a dog that has been breed for its hunting and agility. These dogs accompany hunters on foot for long excursions into the wooded areas to hunt or just to keep the hunter company. They are work dogs and sport dogs. In other words, the Clumbers are physical dogs and because of this they need to be exercised properly if they are to remain at a healthy weight. If these dogs do not receive enough exercise, chances are good that they will become overweight. This leads to serious health problems! Many of these problems can be overcome with proper exercise. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10260065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10260065.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10261165.asp Taking good care of your Cesky terrier's feet and teeth will help in the overall health and well being of your dog. While foot and dental care can be completed by a professional groomer they are also simple activities that can easily be done at home. In the case of dental care it is much more effective when done or a regular twice or three times weekly program than only done when the dog visits the groomers once every six to eight weeks. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10261165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10261165.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10262165.asp The world's smallest dog, the Chihuahua, may be very popular especially in the United States since the media fell in love with The Taco Bell Chihuahua in the 1990s, but they do have many medical, genetic and behavioral problems. Chihuahuas can suffer from a number of genetic and medical conditions. Before purchasing a Chihuahua trace the bloodline and buy your Chihuahua pup from a reputable breeder. You must also be prepared to invest substantial amounts of money for your dog's veterinarian care. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10262165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10262165.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10263565.asp The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is prone to obesity. They need to have plenty of exercise and proper diet to maintain an idea weight. If your Corgi becomes overweight, they will be susceptible to health problems. The puppy needs to have a place to be active such as outside in a medium sized yard. Even though they do need exercise, they should not be overworked. They have small legs and the distance they travel is double that of a larger dog in the same distance. They do need to walk, run and play, but when they are done that should be it for a while. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10263565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10263565.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10264665.asp There are many steps that need to be taken to ensure pets are healthy, and this list changes from one pet to another. Pug dogs, for instance, have special needs during the warmer months of the year. During these periods with higher temperatures you need air conditioning, you need to get your air conditioner serviced so it does not stop working, and you need to know what to do in the event that your pug does become overheated. This article will take a look at all three. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10264665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10264665.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10265165.asp Pug dogs, like humans, can have allergies. Learning to avoid allergens and deal with these allergies is an essential part of keeping your pug happy. Some of the basics things to watch out for include chocolate, allergies to food and chemicals, and seasonal allergies. Being vigilant of allergies in your pug goes way beyond just allergy season. The Chocolate Free Diet Pug dogs are allergic to chocolate. Aside from causing some discomfort, chocolate is actually toxic to these little guys. This is not just a matter of health problems due to weight gain or sugar. Consumption of chocolate can lead to the absolute worst. It is so toxic to pugs that chocolate can actually kill them. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10265165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10265165.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10265665.asp All pet owners want to make sure that their pets stay healthy, and toy poodle owners have some special needs to keep in mind. In order to stay warm and, therefore, healthy, toy poodles must stay warm by staying indoors, taking special care when they are wet, and even getting the right haircut. This article will explain why each of these factors is important to maintaining a toy poodle’s health. Stay Inside During the cooler months of the year toy poodles should spend the majority of their time inside. The cool temperatures can have detrimental effects on their health. They are particularly susceptible to lower temperatures because of their size. By staying inside and avoiding the cold weather altogether, your toy poodle can lower the risk of illness or, in a worst case scenario, hypothermia. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10265665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10265665.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266365.asp Among the many problems that can develop in a dog's hip joints is a condition known as Legg-Perthe's Disease, a disabling ailment that causes deterioration and flattening of the hip joint. In most dogs, the disease develops when the animal is between four and eight months old. Lameness can come on suddenly or else develop gradually over six to eight weeks. During this period of time the muscles begin to atrophy, giving the impression that the dog has one limb shorter than the others. There also will be noticeable restricted movement in the animal's joints. When the leg muscles become weakened through atrophy, it slows down the animal's recovery. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266365.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266465.asp Unfortunately, human beings aren't the only mammals to struggle with birth defects. One of the more serious problems that can affect canines is known as an "open fontanel," which occurs when the skull bones at the top of the head fail to close. The problem is often found in conjunction with hydrocephalus, which is a condition in which too much fluid is found within and around the brain, placing pressure on the brain and surrounding tissues. Often the head will appear dome-shaped, and the open fontanel is noticeable as a "soft spot" on the top of the dog's head. The fluid-filled spaces within the brain, known as ventricles, also become swollen. The increased pressure damages or prevents the development of brain tissue. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266465.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266565.asp It's a scenario familiar to many pet owners - your dog is running across the yard chasing a ball or Frisbee, when in mid-stride he yelps in pain and yanks a hind leg off the ground. Moments later he's off again, but sporting a limp which goes away after 10 to 20 minutes. What your dog likely experienced here is a luxated patella, or in layman's terms, a dislocated kneecap. In a normal knee, the patella fits into a groove at the end of the femur (thigh bone), and slides up and down as the knee joint bends back and forth. It also acts as a protective cover for the knee joint. The joint's movement follows a limited track, guided by the grooves in the femur. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266565.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266665.asp Another of the common joint ailments that affect dogs, hip dysplasia is a disorder that is widely misunderstood. As with all human types of arthritis, some information is known, but many factors about the problem aren't yet fully understood. In normal, healthy dogs, the hip joint attaches the hind leg to the body, and consists of a ball-and-socket construction. The ball portion is located at the head of the femur, or thigh bone, while the socket is attached to the pelvis. In a normal joint, the ball rotates freely within the socket, and the spot where the two bones actually connect (the articular surface), is cushioned by spongy cartilage. The bones also are held together with a ligament and the joint capsule, a strong band of connective tissue which surrounds the dog's two leg bones, adding stability. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266665.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266765.asp Yet another of the many arthritic conditions that can disable your dog is one known as OCD, which stands for either osteochondritis dissecans or osteochondrosis dissecans. OCD is a disease that affects the cartilage - the spongy tissue that cushions the space between joints and allows them to work smoothly together. Anything that damages or erodes this cartilage can lead to arthritis, resulting in joint pain, swelling and lameness. In the case of OCD, the cartilage is either damaged or grows abnormally. Instead of remaining attached to the bone that it's cushioning, the cartilage either separates or develops cracks. Sometimes pieces of cartilage will break off and float freely within the joint itself, where they continue to grow. All three of these problems cause extreme pain for the affected animal. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266765.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266865.asp Imagine the confusion and fear you’d be feeling if you were approaching your middle years and suddenly developed difficulty walking. The same bewilderment hits middle-aged dogs who have a progressive nerve disorder known as degenerative myelopathy (DM). The disease causes the dog to slowly lose coordination of its hind legs, which also become increasingly weak. It’s caused by a deterioration of structures within the spinal cord that are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses. This degeneration can occur anywhere along the spinal column, but usually affects the lower back. Degenerative myelopathy is only found in dogs that are at least 5 years of age or older. The cause is not yet understood; although it’s theorized that it could be related to an autoimmune response, in which the body immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266865.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266965.asp Ear infections can be no less troublesome in dogs than they can be in humans. Add to the problem an infestation of ear mites, and you're guaranteed to have a restless, unhappy pet, one that's constantly shaking its head and scratching at his ears. Ear mites are easily treated by cleaning the ears with a medicated ointment. However, you'll need to get a solution from your veterinarian, since most mites have become resistant to the chemicals (sevin, pyrethins and thiabendazole) used in over-the-counter preparations. Be sure to clean the ears of all animals in the house, not just the affected pet, in order to prevent the mites from spreading. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10266965.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267065.asp Cataracts are one of the most common eye problems in dogs, and they show up in canines of all breeds and in animals both young and old. As with humans, the only successful treatment is surgery. The word "cataract" literally is Latin for "break down," and refers to a problem that develops with the fibers in the lens of the eye. The disruption of these fibers causes the lens to become cloudy, reducing vision. There are several types of cataracts, which have different causes. All, however, result when the biochemistry of the eye (66 percent water and 33 percent protein), becomes out of balance. The end result is that too much water remains in the lens of the eye, while the percentage of insoluble proteins increases. The combination causes the cloudy white coating, loss of transparency and loss of vision characteristic of cataracts. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267065.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267165.asp We all know how uncomfortable it is to have any type of intestinal woe. Imagine the agony, then, of a gastric torsion, in which the stomach and spleen can literally twist and kink. The condition is excruciatingly painful, and, if ignored, is invariably fatal. Gastric torsion cases occur most often in large-breed, deep-chested dogs, such as the Bloodhound, Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pinscher, Akita or Great Dane. This is a condition that is not connected to a dog's age or gender. In fact, cases can spontaneously occur in healthy dogs of all breeds, usually shortly after a meal. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267165.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267265.asp Neuromuscular diseases affect animals as well as humans, and one of the most common is known as Acquired Myasthenia Gravis. It's a disorder that interrupts communication between the nerves and the muscles. It's also an autoimmune disease, meaning it's caused by the body's own immune system turning against itself. Specifically, the immune system attacks and destroys junctions, which are places where the neurons (nerve cells) and muscles interconnect. Once these junctions are destroyed, the adjacent muscles cannot be controlled or are poorly controlled. With myasthenia gravis, a dog will experience muscle weakness, especially in the limbs and the muscles affecting the eyes, facial expressions, throat and esophagus. Sixty percent of affected dogs will become fatigued after any significant exercise; others will develop difficulty swallowing or noticeable changes in their voice. The dog may appear only slightly affected, or else be almost entirely immobile. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267265.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267365.asp Few eye problems cause more discomfort in dogs than the hereditary condition known as entropion. This is a problem that causes the eyelids to roll inward, pressing the eyelashes against the sensitive eye surface, and leading to pain, tearing and vision loss. The lower lid is affected more often than the upper eyelid, although the condition can affect both. Entropion normally appears when the dog is young, before 1 year of age. Owners will notice their pet squinting, tearing excessively, avoiding bright lights and strong winds, and possibly pawing at its eyes or rubbing its face against the ground. The eyes also may appear red and irritated. As you can imagine, the pain of the lashes pressing against the sensitive cornea of the eye is significant. Over time, if the condition is not repaired, the cornea will be ulcerated and scarred, producing not only pain, but also reducing or destroying the dog's vision. Nerve damage also may occur within the eyelids and structures around the eye. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267365.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267465.asp Say the word "glaucoma," and people are more likely to think of their grandmother than their Great Dane. However, glaucoma also affects animals of all types, including dogs. Glaucoma occurs as a result of increased pressure within the eye. Cells inside the eye produce a clear fluid, known as the aqueous humor, which feeds the tissues inside the eye, as well as keeping the eye in its proper shape. Normal eye pressure is maintained through a balance of fluid created by the eye and drainage provided by ducts within the eyeball and surrounding structures With glaucoma these drains become blocked, yet the eye continues to produce fluid, increasing the internal pressure. Over time, this can cause the eye to stretch and enlarge, causing pain and damaging vision. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267465.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267565.asp "Parvovirus" is a word guaranteed to remove the smile from the face of any dog owner. There are several strains of "parvo," all of which are lumped together and produce the same symptoms. The virus is the single most contagious of all diseases that strike dogs, and it is spread in multiple ways. The virus can survive for five months and longer on hands and on inanimate objects like food pans, cage floors and clothing. It is also readily transferred by insects, rodents and through infected feces. All strains of parvovirus are hardy, able to survive exposure to heat and other harsh environmental conditions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267565.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267665.asp Microphthalmia is a disabling genetic condition that occurs when a dog's eyeballs are smaller than normal, severely restricting its vision. With this condition, the internal structures of the eye are abnormal as well, resulting in a prominent third eyelid and small eyes that appear to be recessed into the dog's eye sockets. Microphthalmia is inherited in many dog breeds through recessive genes. It also can appear in puppies whose mothers received certain types of medication during pregnancy. Owners of affected dogs will notice that their eyeballs appear smaller than normal for the animal's breed, and there may also be noticeable signs of visual impairment. In fact, most dogs with the problem are either born blind, or else eventually become blind or severely visually handicapped. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267665.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267765.asp The thyroid gland performs a variety of functions, but is probably best known for its effect on regulating metabolism. Common in dogs and humans, hypothyroidism occurs when a dog's or person's body isn't producing enough thyroid hormone. In dogs this causes a wide variety of chronic symptoms, including lethargy, hair loss, a dull coat, skin problems, weight gain, obesity, anemia, high cholesterol and even a slowed heart rate or abnormal heart rhythms. As with humans, the symptoms are vague enough and non-specific enough that it's common for a dog to have the condition for several years before being diagnosed and treated. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267765.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267865.asp Among the many eye conditions that can affect dogs is one that isn't painful, but is nonetheless heartbreaking. Progressive Retinal Atrophy, or PRA, is a genetically inherited condition in which the eyes are basically "programmed" to go blind. PRA can appear in any breed of dog, and is equally prevalent in purebred and mixed-breed animals. It's usually transmitted through a recessive gene, meaning two carriers of the gene must mate in order to produce an affected pup. The exceptions to this rule occur in Bull Mastiffs and Old English Mastiffs, where the PRA gene is dominant, so only one parent need have the gene in order to produce pups with PRA. Also, the gene is linked to gender in the Samoyed and Siberian Husky breeds. In these breeds, the disorder appears more often in males than females. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267865.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267965.asp Lumbar-sacral syndrome occurs when the nerve roots and spinal cord are compressed at the point where they pass through the lumbar-sacram portion of the lower spine, near the hips. The disease is also known as "cauda equine" syndrome. This disorder can be inherited (congenital), meaning it is present at birth, or it also can be developed after birth. It can appear at any age and in both males and females, and is common in dogs that have been struck by an automobile. Large-breed dogs are affected more often than smaller breeds, and the syndrome is seen most often in German Shepherds. Dogs that are severely overweight also can develop the condition. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10267965.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268065.asp Pelger-Huet Anomaly is an inherited condition in which certain blood cells are mutated, specifically the neutrophils and eosinophils, which are white blood cells actively involved in the immune system. The disease is passed through a dominant gene, which makes it critical that affected animals not be bred. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268065.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268165.asp Sunburned noses aren't solely the domain of small children in summertime. Certain breeds of dogs also can be sensitive to sunlight, causing them to develop lesions on their noses, eyelids and lips. Known as nasal solar dermatitis (NSD) or "Collie nose," it is an inherited disorder and is usually worse in locations with a sunny climate. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268165.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268265.asp Retinal dysplasia, or RD, is an inherited disorder in which the retina of the eye is malformed. To understand retinal dysplasia it's first necessary to understand the basics of the eye's anatomy. The retina itself is the nerve-containing structure in the back of the eye that takes in light and converts it into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, and interpreted by the brain as vision. Formation of the eye in utero is a complex, multi-stage process that is closely tied to development of the entire nervous system. There are three forms of retinal dysplasia. The first and least serious occurs when the two primary layers of the retina do not form together properly, creating folds in the inner retinal layer. In geographic RD there are larger areas where the retina is malformed in addition to the inner retinal layer. In the most severe form of the disease, the two retinal layers do not meet at all, resulting in retinal detachment, or separation, from the rest of the eye. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268265.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268365.asp If you notice your dog squinting and pawing at its eyes, or if the eyes are red, inflamed and watering heavily, a trip to the veterinarian is in order. It's possible in this case that your dog may have distichiasis, a condition that occurs when the eyelashes grow abnormally, placing them in direct contact with sensitive eyeball tissue. The hairs are often long and stiff and grow out of oil glands within the eyelids. In most cases there are multiple improperly grown hairs, and both eyes are affected. Also, even though dogs usually have no lower eyelashes, in cases of distichiasis both lower and upper eyelids can be affected. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268365.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268465.asp One of the more miraculous parts of the mammalian body is the retina, a structure that fits snugly and smoothly against the inside back wall of the eyeball. The retina is responsible for sending visual images to the brain via the optic nerve. Or, in other words, it acts as the "film" in the camera that is vision. When the retina becomes separated from the support tissue underneath (the choroid, which supplies the retina with blood and oxygen) it can no longer function and is termed "detached." If not treated promptly and properly, the affected animal will become blind, sometimes within a matter of days. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268465.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268565.asp One of the more heartbreaking disorders that can strike your dog is an inherited brain disorder known as cerebellar abiotrophy. In this condition there is premature aging and deterioration of the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain that controls movement and coordination. In most animals with this condition, the cerebellum matures normally before the puppy is born, but then specific cells in the cerebellum, known as Purkinje cells, deteriorate steadily after birth. Occasionally cells in other areas of the brain are affected as well. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268565.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268665.asp In normal male canines, the testicles develop in the abdomen and then descend into the scrotum before or shortly after birth. In pups with a condition known as cryptorchidism, however, either one or both testicles fail to descend within two months after birth and are left underdeveloped and non-functional. The undescended testicle(s) may remain inside the abdominal cavity or else drop into the groin tissues outside of the scrotum. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268665.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268765.asp What does a species of rat have to do with the color of your dog's coat? Not much, although they may share a common name. "Agouti" is a term used to identify a specific class of rodents (and guinea pigs), but it's also short for agouti signalling peptide. This peptide is created through a specific gene, known as the agouti gene, which is a key player in determining the fur patterns and shadings in many animals, including dogs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268765.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268865.asp Watching any animal attempt to run and play while battling arthritis can be hard. Yet it's especially heartbreaking for owners whose animals have a form of rheumatoid arthritis known as Juvenile Onset Polyarthritis Syndrome. One of a wide variety of types of polyarthritis, this incurable disease strikes early and cripples the dog's limbs, causing chronic severe pain and lameness. This type of arthritis begins with an abnormal immune cell response that causes too many white blood cells (the body's disease-fighters) to invade the joints. Once there they release chemicals that create swelling, joint pain and fever. Animals with polyarthritis often feel ill and are reluctant to move around. Rheumatoid arthritis is especially aggressive in eroding cartilage that cushions the joints. Plus, over time, it deforms the bones surrounding the joints as well, leaving the limbs deformed and unable to bear the dog's weight. The disease usually affects more than one joint; often all of the dog's joints are involved. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268865.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268965.asp Mention torn ligaments and most people are more likely to think of athletes than animals. However, this problem also occurs in many pets and livestock. In fact, one of the most common knee injuries in dogs is known as a ruptured cruciate ligament. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10268965.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269065.asp Dermatomyositis (and its related disorder, ulcerative dermatosis) occurs when a dog's skin and underlying muscles become inflamed. The first sign of the disease is a series of lesions that appear on the skin by the time the dog is six months of age. In many cases, muscle problems also develop later on. In dogs the condition is similar to that of humans, producing blisters and crusting that occur mainly in the groin and underarm regions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269065.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269165.asp As medical research teaches us more about the immune system, and as more and more autoimmune conditions are diagnosed in canines, especially purebreds, the issue of a dog's immunity is becoming a concern for would-be pet owners. In all mammals, the immune system serves as the body's defense against disease. It's comprised of white blood cells, antibodies and various other chemicals the body uses in its war against infections and any substance it perceives as foreign to the host animal. It's designed to combat any of these cells that it identifies as "non-self," and it does this through chemical markers that are found on the surface of every cell in the animal's body. It's this natural combative design that causes a person's or animal's body to reject blood transfusions, organ transplants and skin grafts. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269165.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269265.asp We all know how painful it can be to have a single eyelash stuck in our eye. Imagine, then, the unending torment of an entire eyelid full of eyelashes turned inside out, with all of those lashes continually pressed against sensitive eye tissue. This problem occurs in many breeds of dogs, and is known as eyelid entropion, or a rolling in of the eyelid. The condition is not only painful, but it also can cause ulcers or erosion on the cornea of the eye, resulting in scarring and reduced vision. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269265.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269365.asp One of the rarer conditions that can strike your dog is known as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH) or uveodermatological syndrome (UDS). In humans the disease is caused by an autoimmune response in which the person's own T-cells mistakenly attack the body's melanin-forming cells. These are the cells responsible for the color of a person's skin, hair and eyes. Specifically, the disease attacks the front portion of the eye, known as the uvea, which is the dark portion of the eye containing blood vessels. In many cases the iris also is involved, and occasionally the back portion of the eye is affected as well. It's not yet known how UDS occurs in dogs, but it's believed to also be connected to the autoimmune response. Other potential, but not yet proven, causes include infections, metabolic disease, tumors and trauma or injury to the eye. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269365.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269465.asp If you've ever been kept awake by a dog that can't stop scratching, biting and licking itself, then both of you have suffered from skin allergies. Skin allergies, or dermatitis, are one of the trickiest problems to diagnose in an animal, since they can have many different causes. In its misery, the affected animal also usually worsens the problem by continually scratching and licking at the affected places, undoing any healing that's occurred. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269465.asp> Fri, 21 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269565.asp Cuts and scrapes are a fact of life, for humans and animals. Yet they're a significant danger if your dog has Von Willebrand's disease, a condition similar to human hemophilia, in which blood cannot clot properly. Because of this, any injury, even a minor one, will cause the dog to bleed profusely. Without treatment, dogs can easily bleed to death following surgery or from what would normally be considered minor wounds. Von Willebrand's Disease is an inherited disorder. Affected dogs are missing a specific element in their blood that helps the platelets to form clots. It's a substance that helps stabilize one of the blood's clotting elements, known as Factor VIII, which is vital to the clotting process. The missing substance is known as Von Willebrand's factor, after the Finnish physician who discovered and researched the condition in the 1920s. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269565.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269965.asp One of the more heartbreaking genetic diseases found in the canine world is a condition known alternatively as chondrodysplasia, achondroplasia or chondrodystrophy. Characterized by crippling deformities and abnormally shaped limbs, the disease causes the cartilage cushioning the joints to become deformed and the bones attached to that cartilage to grow abnormally. The condition is transmitted through a recessive gene. When two carriers of this recessive gene are bred, the resulting animals frequently are born with the disease. Chondrodysplasia also typically occurs in connection with other serious medical problems, including deafness, dwarfism and abnormally shortened life spans. It has a wide range of severity. For example, in dogs whose front legs are affected, the dog may appear nearly normal, or else have front legs that are only slightly bowed. In extreme cases, however, the animal will be crippled due to severely deformed limbs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10269965.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270165.asp Groups of related diseases are often combined into one category, for medical classification purposes. That's the case with polyneuropathy - an umbrella term that describes a group of disorders which affect multiple nerves. These diseases can strike any combination of nerves, and may be either inherited or developed later in the dog's life (acquired). Polyneuropathy affects the peripheral nerves. These nerves are found outside of the brain and spinal cord, which together comprise the central nervous system. The term "neuropathy" simply means that some part of the peripheral nervous system isn't functioning properly. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270165.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270365.asp Aging takes it toll on everyone, animals as well as humans. Among the hardest hit are the joints, especially the articular cartilage inside those joints, which normally provides a smooth, low-friction buffer between the bones. A variety of causes, including age, can cause this cartilage to break down or develop fissures, resulting in severe pain, inflammation and lameness. Although degenerative joint disease (and the resulting arthritis) is generally considered a problem of older canines, it's appearing in more and more younger large-breed dogs as well. Selective breeding has resulted in the altering of bone structure in several breeds, especially larger dogs such as German Shepherds, Great Danes and Mastiffs. In these animals, many are now born with a defect that prevents the development of normal cartilage, leading to permanent early lameness in the shoulders, knees and ankles. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270365.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270465.asp Humans have their tennis elbow, but they don't have a corner on the market. Dogs also are prone to an inherited disease called elbow dysplasia.. Both elbows are normally affected, but the condition also can affect just one limb. Elbow dysplasia describes a type of damage within the elbow joint, often resulting in severe arthritis. Some dogs will display only a slight limp or an otherwise abnormal gait; others will end up virtually crippled by the pain. Dogs in the early stages of the disorder often hold their elbows outward or stand with their feet rotated outward. Or, they may shuffle their feet excessively and flip their front feet outward as they walk. Some are notable only by the dog spending an inordinate amount of time sitting or lying down, keeping weight off of its feet. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270465.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270765.asp Humans don't have a monopoly on heart disease - our furry friends also are susceptible to a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. Smaller breed dogs, in particular, are more likely to develop heart disease, including heart "murmurs." Heart murmurs occur when the animal's heart function has deteriorated, creating an abnormal blood flow within the heart's chambers. The condition may be congenital, meaning the animal was born with the problem, or else it can develop as the result of disease and aging. Some conditions aren't very serious; others will progress rapidly, causing congestive heart failure and death. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270765.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270965.asp Hearing loss in dogs, as in humans, can be caused by a wide range of disease, trauma and/or congenital problems. In congenital cases, the dog is born deaf. Hearing loss can come on suddenly or gradually due to injury, disease, ear infections, exposure to loud noises or explosions, or simply the wear and tear of old age. Hearing loss is categorized as unilateral (affecting one ear only) or bilateral (affecting both ears). Dogs with white or partially white coats are often subject to a congenital form of deafness connected with the special pigmentation in their skin. In these cases the dog may have unpigmented skin in the inner ear, which causes the nerve endings inside the ear to wither away and die when the affected puppy is only a few weeks old. The end result is deafness. Unlike some conditions, hearing problems are usually noticeable to the pet owner. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10270965.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271165.asp It's startling for many pet owners to learn that their furry friends also are susceptible to allergies, including hives (urticaria). Contact with plants, insect stings or certain types of food can cause a dog to break out in hives. While usually not serious and rarely lasting for more than a few days, these welts are extremely itchy, and many dogs will scratch themselves raw during an outbreak. In conjunction with this problem, many dogs also develop swelling of the face, a condition known as angiodema. The good news is that hives aren't very common in animals. Those that are affected, however, tend to have them constantly, and it can become a challenge to identify the cause. Complicating the problem is that an animal may suddenly develop an allergy to something that it has been around its entire life without prior problems. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271165.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271365.asp In a normal eye the lens is clear and translucent, the better to perform its job of transmitting and focusing light onto the retina in the back of the eye. When disease, aging or injury clouds and/or damages this lens, a variety of vision-related problems can occur. One commonly recognized form of lens opacity is a cataract, which causes a cloudy film to gradually grow over the lens, obscuring vision. Most cataracts in dogs are genetically related. How old the dog is when cataracts appear and how severe they become depends largely on what type of breed is affected. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271365.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271565.asp In dogs, heart failure is usually characterized by problems with the mitral valve. This is especially true of smaller breeds, but is applicable to at least some extent with all dogs. The mitral valve refers to the muscular valve that separates the left atrium and ventricle. Its function, when working properly, is to prevent the back flow of blood once it has passed through one section of the heart to increase the efficiency of the heart's pumping, i.e. - each portion of blood that passes through the heart only needs to be pumped once because the mitral valve prevents it from flowing backwards. Over time, however, this valve begins to shrink and harden as a natural consequence of aging. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271565.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271765.asp Pancreatitis is a disorder of the pancreas wherein it fails to properly perform its roles as the producer of digestive enzymes. More specifically, the enzymes are still produced, but the pancreas loses its unique ability to handle them effectively and so they break down before they're delivered to the parts of the body where they're needed and instead of digesting food, they break down the tissue in and around the pancreas itself. Pancreatitis can have a number of causes, and is usually the result of several causes coalescing. Diets that are high in fat may lead to obesity, which is a major contributing factor to the development of the disease. In addition, certain medications used to treat other diseases may increase the risk that a dog will contract pancreatitis, including corticosteroids and azathioprine. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271765.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271865.asp Panosteitis is a canine disease about which very little is known. It seems to occur almost at random (although German Shepherds as a breed tend to produce the most cases) and has a tendency to vanish and return with seemingly little provocation. The disease manifests as a sudden lameness in one leg without any preceding trauma, strain or any of the problems usually associated with lameness. Typically, it will appear first in one of the front legs and then without warning shift to another leg (leaving the initial area) with no predictable pattern. Because of the mysterious nature of the disease, it often either goes undiagnosed or is misdiagnosed. However, recent studies have shown that X-Rays will almost invariably reveal a greater than usual bone density in animals that carry the disease. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10271865.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272165.asp One of a group of similar diseases (including pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, and pemphigus erythematosus) known collectively as the pemphigus complex, pemphigus foliaceus is a disease in which the body mistakenly produces antibodies that attack the outermost layer of skin. Though all breeds of dog are susceptible to this disease, the most common victims include Akitas, Dachshunds, Doberman Pinschers, Spitz breeds, and Bearded Collies. Because pemphigus foliaceus affects the most superficial skin layer, it is fortunately very easy to spot and diagnose. It usually manifests at first as a scaly texture to the skin, which then results in blisters that quickly rupture and cause scabs and other pus-filled sores. The blisters tend to come to a head and drain rapidly so they may be hard to find, but in general the disease has a very distinctive look and feel that makes it hard to misidentify. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272165.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272465.asp Most people are either unfamiliar with the term "shunt" or are used to its application as a treatment to drain excess fluid from the brain following a stroke. There is another type, however, that can occur in animals, including dogs. Specifically, a portosystemic shunt is an abnormal connection between the hepatic portal vein and the rest of the circulatory system. This vein connects the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. This abnormal connection in turn causes blood from the gastrointestinal tract to bypass the liver, depriving it of oxygen and vital nutrients. When this occurs, the liver is unable to completely perform its own vital functions, including assisting with the body's metabolism and eliminating toxins from the system. The final effect is to expose the affected animal's body to toxic byproducts from its own digestive system. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272465.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272865.asp Among the many hereditary eye disorders that can appear in your canine is an unusual condition known as an ocular coloboma. Colobomas are a congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are missing. This occurs when tissues fail to fuse and/or form completely while the puppy is still in the mother's womb. In ocular colobomas, for example, there is a visible black hole or cleft in the ocular nerve. Colobomas also can be found in other structures within the eye, including the iris, choroid, ciliary body, eyelid, lens and retina, where they again are present as a hole, split or cleft in the affected structure. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10272865.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273065.asp One of the multiple eye disorders that can affect your dog is an inherited condition known as iris coloboma. With this condition, and for unknown reasons, development of eye tissues is incomplete in the womb. This causes the puppy to be born with a hole, split or cleft in certain structures within the affected eye. In this case it's the retina, which is the colored portion in the front of the eye. Dogs with this condition will have a dark hole and/or an irregularly shaped iris, but their vision is usually not impaired. However, they may squint and be uncomfortable in bright light, since the coloboma prevents the iris from contracting normally upon exposure to light. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273065.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273265.asp Cataracts are one of the most well-known forms of eye disease, appearing as a cloudy or opaque spot that changes the lens of the eye and causes it to lose its translucence. Cataracts may be limited to a small section of the lens, or they may grow to affect the entire eye. Cataracts also can strike one or both eyes, depending upon the cause. If left untreated, cataracts inevitably end up costing the dog its sight. Many breeds are prone to inherited cataracts, which can be passed along through both dominant and recessive genes. Inherited forms result in what are known as primary cataracts. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273265.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273365.asp A dog's eyes are vulnerable to literally dozens of diseases. One of the more unusual of these is known as Persistent Pupillary Membrane, or PPM. With this condition, strands of membrane are present in the eye, often crisscrossing it and connecting to various structures within the eye. These strands are leftover remnants of blood vessels that supplied nutrients to the developing eye before the puppy was born. In most cases these vessels deteriorate and disappear before or shortly after birth. When they do not, PPM is the result. PPM may or may not impair your dog's vision, depending upon the location of the membrane strands. Often these cross from the iris to the cornea, where they can cause cloudiness (opacity) in the cornea. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10273365.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10274065.asp Many dogs experience skin conditions throughout their lifetime, and the bulk of these are caused by allergies. Canines react to many of the same allergens as humans, specifically flea bites, dust and dust mites, trees, grasses, weed pollens, milk and dairy products, foods and food additives (usually meats, grains and chemical preservatives), rubber and plastic materials, and fabrics like nylon and wool. Exposure to an allergen causes the affected dog's immune response to kick into gear, in an attempt to protect the dog. It does this by producing a protein known as IgE, which in turn attaches itself to "mast cells," which are disease-fighting white blood cells located in the animal's skin. This process also releases chemicals like histamine, which create many of the irritating symptoms of allergy, including a runny nose. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10274065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10274065.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10274565.asp Elbow Dysplasia or ED is most often found in medium to large breeds of dogs and is most common in breeds such as the German Shepherd, Bernese Mountain Dog, Rottweiler, Retrievers and Chow Chows. Some of the medium sized breeds such as the Shetland Sheepdog and the Shar Pei also have high incidence of elbow dysplasia. Males are between 25 and 30% more likely to exhibit elbow dysplasia in the breeds that are prone to the condition. Elbow dysplasia can occur in one or both of the elbows and is particularly puzzling because not all dogs that have the condition will become lame and those that do become lame may have periods where the condition comes and goes at least in the early stages. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10274565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10274565.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10275265.asp Dogs that are brachycephalic, also known as pug nosed or short muzzled, are particularly prone to several different respiratory problems due to the shape of their heads. The most commonly affected breeds include the Shih Tzu, Boston Terrier, Pug, Pekingese, Bulldog and Boxer. These breeds have problems with collapse tracheas, heatstroke and a congenital problem known as elongated soft palate. The soft palate is a flap of tissue that is located at the upper back part of the throat. A normally function and positioned soft palate acts like a flap or block to prevent food or liquid that the dog is swallowing from accidentally entering the air passage, also known as the nasopharnyx. The soft palate touches the epiglottis, which in turn is attached to the base of the tongue in dogs with a normal formation. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10275265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10275265.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276065.asp Have you ever had an eyelash in your eye that caused that horrible scratching, itchy and irritated sensation? Well how about having a whole eyelid full of eyelashes turned inward against you eye, it wouldn't be pleasant, would it? That is exactly what dogs that have entropion are dealing with. This condition can be hereditary as well as caused by injury or disease. Entropion is common in many breeds of dogs, both purebred and mixed breed, and is one of the leading eye problems that puppies and dogs experience. Although it is most commonly noted on the lower eyelid it can also be present on the upper eyelid as well. In puppies the condition is usually noted very shortly after the puppy opens his or her eye and can be corrected at this time with a simple surgical procedure that pulls the eyelid down and stitches it to keep the eyelid in the correct, outward facing position. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276065.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276365.asp Seizures are very frightening to dog owners and are also terrifying to the dogs as well, depending on the severity or intensity of the seizure. Epilepsy, a general term for a seizure disorder, can be either idiopathic, which means that the exact causes is not known but is likely an inherited or genetic condition or secondary, which means the seizures are the result of some other type of medical condition or trauma. Regardless of what type of epileptic seizure the dog is having it is due to abnormal brain activity that is transmitted through the cerebral cortex to the muscles of the body, resulting in the spasms and behaviors that are seen. Secondary epilepsy may be caused by parasitic infestations, drugs, toxins, diseases and hormonal imbalances and nutritional deficiencies. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276765.asp Breeding a Bloodhound does require some serious thought. The reason is that not many people have a desire to own such a large and clumsy looking dog. They are not appealing to many people because of their drooling and hyperactive behavior. They are also prone to eating anything in their sight. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276765.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276865.asp Aggression in dogs is a very concerning problem for both dog owners and the general public. A dog that is aggressive can still be an excellent guard dog, family pet or protection dog provided that he or she is obedient, well behaved and controllable and is not dangerous to others. A dog that has problems with excessive aggression will behave in a way that makes the dog a problem to either people, including the owner and family, or towards other pets or animals. There are four basic types of aggression that most dog breeds will exhibit to some degree. These include prey instinct, or the instinct to chase and hunt, territoriality, protection of owner and self defense. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276865.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276965.asp One of the many wonders of breeding for specific characteristics is that dogs and other animals have been selected to match a breed standard or set of characteristics that makes that dog unique from other dog breeds. Unfortunately in some of the unique breeds that have developed there are health issues associated with the very characteristics that define the breed. Often these health issues developed before early breeders understood the impact of breeding for certain characteristics, or even the risk of breeding dogs that exhibited certain traits. Exposure keratopathy syndrome is one such example that is very prominent in some breeds due to the specific eye formation that defines the breed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10276965.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10277065.asp One of the many wonders of breeding for specific characteristics is that dogs and other animals have been selected to match a breed standard or set of characteristics that makes that dog unique from other dog breeds. Unfortunately in some of the unique breeds that have developed there are health issues associated with the very characteristics that define the breed. Often these health issues developed before early breeders understood the impact of breeding for certain characteristics, or even the risk of breeding dogs that exhibited certain traits. Exposure keratopathy syndrome is one such example that is very prominent in some breeds due to the specific eye formation that defines the breed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10277065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10277065.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10277865.asp Eye anomaly, also more commonly known as Collie Eye Anomaly or CEA, is found in all breeds of collies including the Smooth and Rough Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs and Australian Shepherds. The condition also occurs to a lesser extent in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever and some types of heelers. CEA is a recessive genetic condition, which means that both parents have to be carrying the recessive gene for the condition to be passed down to their puppies. While this may sound like terrific news to eliminate the condition, the current estimate is that up to 85% of all collies in the United States are affected by this condition and that the numbers are almost as high in other countries and areas around the world. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10277865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10277865.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10278065.asp Eye injuries and eyeball lacerations or cuts are very serious and time is of the essence to treat these conditions and provide effective first aid that will help preserve the dog's sight if at all possible. Knowing what to do if your dog has a lacerated eyeball is important, as doing the wrong thing can be just as bad as doing nothing at all in many cases. In emergency first aid treatment for eyeball lacerations the biggest priority is to clean out the eye as much as possible and to prevent further injury by the dog pawing at the eye or rubbing the head along the ground or other surface. In addition it is important to check to see if there is a foreign object imbedded in the eye before doing anything, as even a bandage over the eye can further push the object into they eye, creating more damage. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10278065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10278065.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10278465.asp Fanconi syndrome is an absorption problem in the tubules that make up the kidney. In a normally functioning kidney the small tubules reabsorb minerals, blood sugar and amino acids and water to keep the body in a metabolic balance that leads to normal functioning of all body systems. In dogs that have the hereditary Fanconi syndrome the tubules do not correctly reabsorb these essential compounds and the therefore they are simply removed from the body in the urine, resulting in metabolic imbalances that will eventually lead to death. As with most syndromes the condition cannot be eliminated but it can be managed and kidney function supported through several different treatment options. The earlier diagnosis is made and the better the outlook for managing the condition. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10278465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10278465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10279165.asp The older your dog gets, the more likely he is to have age-related problems. While this is true of any type or breed of dog, the Brussels Griffon is especially prone to these problems given his tiny size. Since toy dogs are so small, problems with their weight, senses, and joints can have a devastating affect and can greatly reduce the amount and quality of life your Brussels Griffon can experience in his old age. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10279165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10279165.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10279965.asp Fibrosarcoma is a relatively rare kind of cancerous tumor that develops in the connective tissues and bones of the skeleton. It is most commonly seen in the pelvic area, the spine, skull and the ribs but can occur in any bone and connective tissue throughout the body. Younger dogs can sometimes develop a very rare type of fibrosarcoma in the mouth and this is more common that the skeletal fibrosarcoma. Fibrosarcoma in the mouth is often first misdiagnosed as a dental health problem since it is associated with swollen and bleeding gums and lumps along the jaws, under the tongue or towards the back of the mouth. Usually vets will treat these with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs first, then if they do not respond they perform x-rays of the area and check for tumors. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10279965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10279965.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280365.asp Flea bite dermatitis is caused by a hypersensitivity to the saliva of the common flea. Dogs that are allergic to the flea's saliva have incredibly severe reactions to the flea bites and can actually bite at their skin or scratch until they have open lesions and infections of the skin. Hair loss is also common when the dog becomes obsessed with licking and scratching at this incredibly itchy spots on their skin. Flea bite dermatitis is typically most noted in the spring and fall when flea activity is at its peak. During these months even dogs that are treated with monthly flea applications will still be bitten by adult fleas, leading to the reaction. Unlike some allergens the 15 different possible compounds in the fleas saliva that a dog can react to do not seem to decrease in effect with exposure. Dogs that are sensitive will remain just as sensitive or become worse, not better, as they age. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280365.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280565.asp Skin fold dermatitis is a common problem in many breeds of dogs but one that is usually not too difficult to manage with a few adjustments to bathing, grooming and maintenance routines for the dog. Fold dermatitis is a skin condition that is caused by the contact of skin against skin and the rubbing and friction this can cause. Combining this with moisture and the presence of bacteria can lead to severe lesions and sores in the folds of the skin that can become serious if not treated. Skin fold dermatitis can develop in different areas of the body depending on the breed of dog. In brachycephalic dogs or dogs with short, pushed in muzzles the dermatitis is often noticed in the folds of skin along the muzzle. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280565.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280765.asp Follicular conjunctivitis is a condition that causes the whites and pink areas of a dog or puppy's eyes to turn red, become itch and irritated, and typically will produce lots of tearing. Some dogs and puppies will also start to squint to avoid opening up their eyes and causing further irritation. There are many difficult conditions that can cause the eyes to become red, itchy and swollen but follicular conjunctivitis is by far the most common and is actually relatively easy to treat if diagnosed and treated in the early stages. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10280765.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281065.asp There are few things as painful as cuts, lesions or warts on your feet, can you imagine how painful it would be for a dog to have a growth between their toes? Interdigital cysts are fairly common in most breeds of dogs, especially those with longer hair between the pads of the feet. In most dogs cysts start very similar to pimples or ingrown hairs and are infections in the sebaceous glands (oil glands) or the hair roots called follicular cysts. These cysts will occur between the toes and around the bottoms of the feet and, in the case of true cysts, will often occur in more than one foot. Typically dogs that are prone to cysts will have them reoccur throughout their life and there is little that owners can do to prevent the problem. They can, however, keep the hair trimmed between the pads and watch for any early signs of redness, swelling or lesions between the toes. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281065.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281365.asp There are many different ways that a dog can injure his or her elbow or elbow joint, but one of the most challenging to diagnose without surgery or good x-rays is a condition known as fragmented medial coronoid process. In this situation, typically associated with breeds that have a problem with elbow dysplasia, a small piece of bone, often just a tiny chip, breaks off from the top of the ulna and lodges in the joint. The ulna is one of the two long bones found in the front leg below the elbow. As the largest joint of the two into the elbow, it often runs the greatest risk of becoming damaged or fractured, leading to chipping of the head of the ulna at the elbow joint. This can occur due to stress on the joint because of a dislocated elbow, problems with softening of the bones, or trauma or injury to the joint that causes splintering and fractures. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281365.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281665.asp Genetic hemolytic anemia goes by many different names including immune mediated hemolytic anemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia or AIHA. It can be caused by something as simple as a bee sting a vaccination or even a complication from a basic skin infection or cut. It is a disease that is most common in both intact and spayed females and typically effects a wide number of dog breeds, both mixed and purebred. Within the purebred group the most common breeds to experience genetic hemolytic anemia are the Basenji, Cocker and Springer Spaniel, Old English Sheepdog, Poodle, Dachshund, Malamute, Shih Tzu and West Highland White Terrier. Mixed breeds that have lineage from one or more of these breeds are also at risk. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281665.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281765.asp Fractures are often one of the most difficult to diagnose or detect skeletal problems in dogs. Fractures are a result of any type of pressure or strain on the skeletal system, which may cause just a hairline fracture or slight crack through the bone or it may cause a complete break. Depending on the severity of the fracture and the location in which it occurs you may not notice any symptoms other than a slight favoring of the limb or area right up to a complete paralysis if the spinal cord is fractured or broken. Fractures can become more problematic as dogs age and mature, especially if the dog has other health conditions or metabolic problems that are preventing the proper development and maintenance of bones, joints and connective tissue. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10281765.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10282265.asp As with any breed, there are a few health concerns that surround Toy Manchester Terriers and as a result could affect how surgical procedures are performed on them. There are many great veterinarians out there but not all of them will have intimate knowledge of the Toy Manchester Terrier's health quirks. Therefore you, as the owner, should be armed with knowledge about the best way your dog should be administered anesthetics and prepped for any surgical procedure. Anesthetic could be used for minor surgery or even dental procedures. It should also be noted that each breed of dog tends to metabolize medications and anesthetics differently and those with high metabolisms like the Toy Manchester Terrier are more at risk for complications. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10282265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10282265.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10282765.asp Some diseases respect neither rank nor species. Such is the case with Addison's disease, an adrenal gland disorder that can strike any breed of dog and any race of human, including former United States President John F. Kennedy. In cases of Addison's disease, the adrenal gland fails to produce enough steroid hormones, specifically two classes known as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The disease itself is named after British physician Dr. Thomas Addison, who first recognized and wrote about the problem in 1855. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10282765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10282765.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283265.asp One can imagine how uncomfortable dry, irritated eyes can be. Our dogs, who don't have the means to tell us what is bothering them, must often suffer in silence if this disorder isn't quickly detected. But Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or KCS as it is usually abbreviated, can have grave consequences if it is not treated or is misdiagnosed. In this article, we'll discover what causes KCS, which breeds may be naturally predisposed to suffer from it, and what treatments are available. What is KCS? KCS is caused by insufficient or abnormal tear production. It is for this reason that KCS is also sometimes called Dry Eye. Tears are mostly made up of watery secretions produced by the lacrimal glands, and a deficiency in this area can cause the dry eyes. Tears are very important to the health of the eyes; they clean and lubricate the corneas and help play a role in the healing of eye infections. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283265.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283565.asp Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, or KCS as it is sometimes called, is a disease affecting the eyes, causing the eyes to become dry and irritated. One can easily imagine the pain that dry eyes can cause, and it must be doubly frustrating for our dogs who cannot always tell us what ailments are troubling them. Unfortunately, this disease is sometimes misdiagnosed, and leaving the disease untreated can cause grave problems and even blindness. In this article, we'll learn what causes Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, who can be affected, and what treatments are available. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283565.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283865.asp Kidney stones in dogs, just like in humans, can be very painful and can lead to serious health issues if not treated. While some breeds may be predisposed to inherit the ability to create kidney stones, there are a certain number of factors that if combined could cause kidney stones to form in any dog. In this article, we'll look at what kidney stones are and how they form, what their symptoms are and how they can be treated. What are kidney stones? Dogs, just like humans, naturally have minerals in their bodies, such as calcium, magnesium, ammonia or phosphorus. Where there is too much of these mineral salts in the urine, they are filtered out through the kidneys. Because it can be difficult for these minerals to be soluble in the naturally acidic urine of dogs, these minerals can form stones. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10283865.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284165.asp Lens luxation is only one of a host of ailments that can affect a dog’s eyes. This inherited disorder, if untreated, can lead to glaucoma and inflammation called uveitis, both of which are painful and can lead to blindness. In this article, we’ll learn about lens luxation, its symptoms and treatment, as well as which breeds are most at risk to inherit this disease. What is lens luxation? Obviously, lens luxation affects the lens of the eye, which is found between the iris, or the colored part of the eye, and the pupil, the darkest part of the eye. Its function is to focus light onto the back of the eye, or the retina. The lens is suspended and held in place by zonular ligaments, which are tiny fibers. Lens luxation occurs when these ligaments break down and the lens is dislodged from its normal position. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284165.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284365.asp Lip fold pyoderma is a condition that can affect dogs that have pendulous lower lips. This is not a life threatening condition, but will take a commitment on the part of the dog's handler to make sure the areas concerned are well taken care of. Even in the most severe cases, a simple surgery can be performed to help stop the condition from returning permanently. In this article, we'll take a closer look at lip fold pyoderma, which breeds are predisposed to develop it, and what can be done to treat it. What is lip fold pyoderma? "Pyoderma" is the medical term for a skin infection that produces pus. In some breeds that have very large lower lips, gravity creates a natural fold where saliva and food can become trapped. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284465.asp Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are beautiful little dogs and when they are healthy and well looked after then their coat should be long and silky. The coat can be a shade of black and tan or black and white with tan markings. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel needs regular and careful grooming. If left untended their coats can become dull and unattractive. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284465.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284565.asp There are a number of liver diseases that can affect the health of any number of breeds of dogs. Unfortunately, there are no cures for some of them, but much can be done to help the dog stay active and comfortable during its shortened life. The liver is one of the most important organs in the body, including detoxifying the blood supply, removing waste, producing bile and aiding in digestion. In this article, we'll take a look at some of the diseases the liver can develop and what kinds of treatments are available. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284565.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284665.asp Our immunity systems are our strongest line of defense against viruses, bacterial infections and other illnesses. The same is certainly true for our dogs. For newborn puppies, receiving nutrients through their mother's milk in the first few days of life is essential for building that line of defense. Adult dogs may encounter low immunity issues as the result of fighting other illnesses. In this article, we'll look at why a puppy's first three days are critical for its future health and what can by done for adult dogs with low immunity to help boost their immune systems. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284665.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284765.asp The thyroid gland performs a number of important functions, but it is mostly known for regulating the metabolism. When the thyroid malfunctions by not producing enough of the thyroid hormone, this can result in a disorder called hypothyroid and is often called low thyroid. While hypothyroid is easily treatable, a dog may suffer for years with this disorder before it is diagnosed. In this article, we'll take a look at how low thyroid is caused, which breeds are usually affected, and what treatment is available. What causes low thyroid? When the production of the thyroid hormone is impaired or reduced, the result is a disorder called hypothyroid. This hormone is produced in coordination between the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus and the thyroid gland, but 95% of cases of hypothyroid occur because of a breakdown in the thyroid. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10284765.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285065.asp Lymphoma is a cancer that affects the cells of the immune system. This cancer in dogs is not dissimilar to non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in humans. While in some cases, a dog can have a complete remission of lymphoma, in most cases it can be life ending and a dog that does not undergo any treatment can have as little as two months to live after diagnosis. In this article, we'll learn about some of the causes of lymphoma, its symptoms and the various treatments that are available. Lymphoma usually manifests itself as tumors in the lymph nodes, which are the closest to the skin's surface. This can happen in dogs of any age or any breed, though it usually occurs in middle aged dogs and Golden Retrievers are considered to have a higher risk of developing lymphoma. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285165.asp Most Spaniels, and this includes the Cavalier King Charles can have problems with their ears. The long ears are a breeding ground for fleas and ticks and if your dog knocks his ears when he gets over excited this can cause problems. You should always check the insides of your dogs ears on a regular basis as they are prone to getting a build up of wax. This can become infected and will eventually affect the dog's hearing. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285265.asp The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has pretty delicate skin so when you are grooming make sure that you are using a brush that will not tear the skin. From time to time, no matter how careful you are, you may find that your Cavalier King Charles has fleas. It is rare for a dog to contract fleas from other dogs - the usual culprits are hedgehogs and cats. If you have a cat in the house then you will know that because they wander all over the place they are likely to get fleas on a regular basis. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285265.asp> Fri, 28 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285465.asp Generally speaking the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a fairly healthy breed of dog - providing you obtain it from a reputable breeder. It is always a good idea to be able to have some understanding of your dog's heritage as it could point to a predisposition to certain diseases. For example, it used to be said that the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel had very good eyesight. Although with all dogs eyesight can dim when they get older and the Cavalier King Charles is no exception. In the last fifteen years or so this has changed and some Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are more susceptible to eye disease. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285465.asp> Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285565.asp Lymphosarcoma, better known as lymphoma or lymphoma cancer, is a disease that affects the cells of the immune system. This grave disease, not very different from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in human beings, is often fast moving and difficult to detect. Many dogs can only expect a life expectancy of two months after diagnosis if they do not undergo treatment. In this article, we'll take a closer look at how Lymphosarcoma develops, its symptoms and the best way to treat it. Like any other cancer, Lymphosarcoma begins when a group of cells "go wrong." They usually group together and attack other cells or form tumors. With Lymphosarcoma, these tumors form in the lymph nodes, which are the closest to the skin's surface. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285565.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285965.asp If you're thinking about adding a canine companion to your household, you need to seriously consider that bringing home a dog is not the same thing as bringing home a cute stuffed animal. You will be responsible for a living creature's mental and physical well-being. Besides grooming the dog and making sure it gets enough love and activity, you must provide it with the proper diet. And grabbing a bag of the cheapest kibble (or even the most expensive) at the supermarket simply won't cut it. Just as each person is unique, so each dog is unique, with different metabolic characteristics and dietary requirements; what is the right amount of a particular vitamin for one breed could actually be toxic for another breed. There are also many different forms of minerals, and different breeds assimilate different forms better than others. Ignoring dietary requirements could lead your dog to suffer allergies, skin problems and intestinal disorders, among other things. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10285965.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286065.asp The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is usually a sort of rich brown color on white with some black markings - however there are actually four recognized patterns of markings. The Cavalier King Charles can be a rich chestnut on a pearly white background and this is known as a Blenheim King Charles; then there is the black, white and brown and this is known as the tricolor spaniel; there also the black and tan and the ruby which is a rich red all over - so for all you purists out there the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel can come in a coat of many colors - a bit like Joseph really. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286065.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286165.asp Malignant Histiocytosis, also sometimes called Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma, is a relatively rare disease that is usually fatal. This disorder involves white blood cells that infiltrate a variety of organs, causing them to fail and the life expectancy can be anywhere from hours to weeks after diagnosis. Even more frustrating, this disease can be very difficult to diagnose. In this article, we'll learn how Malignant Histiocytosis develops, its symptoms and what options are available for those that are suffering from this disease. What is Malignant Histiocytosis? Histiocytes are a kind of white blood cell that derives from the bone marrow. Their purpose is to latch on to material that should not be in the body and dispose of them. From the bone marrow, they travel to different organs in the body to help keep them healthy. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286165.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286265.asp Due to poor breeding, many dogs unfortunately suffer from a number of hereditary diseases. Thankfully, the Norwegian Elkhound is not among the breeds that suffer from the largest number of health problems. There is increasing evidence that Elkhounds tend to suffer from a variety of eye problems, such as progressive retinal atrophy (common in a number of dog breeds), lens luxation and glaucoma. Norwegian Elkhound owners should constantly monitor their dogs for changes in behavior or strange behavior that could indicate the onset of any of these issues; it's also a good idea to have your Elkhound's eyes checked regularly by a veterinarian so as to catch these problems early if they do indeed pop up in your dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286265.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286365.asp Mast cell tumors are a cancerous disease that is common in dogs. Usually found on the skin, this disease can also develop in other areas of the body. While most dogs that develop the disease have reached middle age, Mast cell tumors can develop in dogs of any age, breed or sex. In this article, we'll take a closer look at Mast cell tumors, their symptoms, and what treatments are available. What are Mast cell tumors? Mast cells are cells that work in conjunction with the immune system. They are distributed throughout the body to help fight infections and inflammation. Once dispatched to an affected area, they can release several different chemicals including histamine, heparin and serotonin. While these cells are vitally important in the body's natural defense against infection, they can severely damage the body when produced in excessive amounts. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286365.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286665.asp Hot spots are medically known as acute moist dermatitis; essentially, these spots are reddened, localized bacterial skin infections, common in many species of dogs. The bacterial infection is not what triggers the creation of a hot spot, however. A simple persistent skin irritation that causes itching is what gets hot spots going; a dog will chew or simply lick the irritated area constantly as long as the itching persists, and this will lead to skin damage. Once the skin is damaged, bacteria can easily move in and infect the area. Some of the most common causes of the initial skin irritation are fleas or other parasites, allergies, burrs, lack of grooming and heat; some dogs are so sensitive, though, that even something as simple as a certain type of shampoo may initiate irritation. Some experts actually believe that the underlying cause of the majority of hot spots is merely an increase in the humidity and overall temperature of the skin; add any of the above factors and the irritation simply gets worse. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286665.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286765.asp Osteochondrosis of the medial humeral condyle is one of the disorders that are caused by elbow dysplasia. Occuring mostly in larger breeds, this disorder affects one or both of the front legs. If diagnosed early, most dogs can go on to lead a very normal life. While most dogs that develop this disease because of genetics, other factors can lead to its development, including diet. In this article, we’ll discover what causes OCD of the medial humeral condyle, which breeds are predisposed to develop it, and available treatments. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10286765.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287065.asp Megaesophagus is a disorder that affects the esophagus, making it difficult to digest food. This disorder can affect puppies as early as the weaning stage, and while some dogs will outgrow the disorder, others will need careful food management for the rest of their lives. In this article, we'll learn what Megaesophagus is, which breeds are predisposed to inherit the disease, and what forms of treatment are available. What is megaesophagus In order to understand megaesophagus, we need to understand how the esophagus works. Content, such as food, in this case, moves through the esophagus and other tubular organs through muscular contractions, which are coordinated in waves. This process is called Peristalsis. When the peristaltic function doesn't work, this disorder is called megaesophagus. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287065.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287365.asp Meningitis is a disease that affects the meninges, or the membranes that cover the central nervous system. Most of the time, meningitis is a result of a bacterial or viral infection, but in some cases is can be the result of an inherited abnormality of the nervous system. In this article, we'll take a look at three forms of meningitis that seem to be inherited, as well as the most common form, Steroid Responsive Meningitis. Beagle Pain Syndrome, obviously affecting beagles, can develop in puppies between three and ten months of age. The most common symptoms are fever, intense neck pain and depression. This disease can be diagnosed through a spinal tap. The disease can be controlled through steroid medication, which helps relieve the inflammation of the spinal cord. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287865.asp Caring for your Chinese Shar Pei does not have to be a full-time job, but it will require a bit of devotion and time management on your part. Remember that while dogs are self-sufficient creatures, they still rely heavily on you for basic needs such as food, water and exercise. The Chinese Shar Pei requires daily exercise to stay in shape. An adult Shar Pei should weigh from 40-55lbs. If your dog is close to exceeding this weight as a pup, it's time for you to make drastic changes to your dog's diet and implement a good exercise program. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10287865.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10288465.asp When your Chinese Shar Pei gets sick, it's a gut-wrenching time of waiting and wondering. No doubt, ensuring that your Shar Pei is healthy will make it less prone to illnesses, but there is often no amount of the care in the world that will prevent certain breed-specific health issues. As the owner of a Chinese Shar Pei, you will likely have to deal with 'Shar Pei fever', or 'Swollen Hock Syndrome' (SHS) as it is often called, at some point or other. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10288465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10288465.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10289765.asp When it comes to healthy breeds, the Norwich Terrier is close to the top of the list. Many websites will actually claim that this breed is not particularly prone to any health issues at all; while this is not entirely true, serious health issues in the breed are rare and the Norwich is definitely a hardy little dog. One of the most concerning health issues to be found in the breed has only recently become a problem, due to its seemingly increasing appearance in a few lines. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10289765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10289765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10293865.asp The English Toy Spaniel, also known as the Charlie, has many diverse personal habits. Some of these habits could be endearing and some of them could be annoying to the owner. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10293865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10293865.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294065.asp The Pointer is a dog that is basically genetically sound, and with not many health problems. The average life span of a pointer is about 12 to 17 years. The Pointer enjoys living indoors, as a part of the family. Some health problems which may hinder a Pointer include hip dysplasia, epilepsy, cherry eye and some allergies. As the Pointer is an even-tempered and congenial dog that is happiest living indoors, they are more affectionate and loyal than most dogs. With a low level of aggression, which may at times even be non-existent, the Pointer easily adjusts with other dogs, and even cats. Basically, the Pointer is not a territorial dog. However, its bark and size is sufficient to intimidate people that come in its way. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294065.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294165.asp When you decide you want a Keeshond, you next need to decide if you want a female or a male. You will find that the differences are slight except for the obvious difference between the male and female. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294965.asp Taking care of your Charlie or English Toy Spaniel, can save a lot of grief and promote happiness in the home. There are certain things that you can do regularly that will keep your Charlie in tip top shape! http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10294965.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10295665.asp Large dogs often suffer from the same problems, regardless of the breed. Bloat is one such problem common to large dogs like the Komondor. While the causes of bloat are not yet known, the effects can be deadly. You need to be able to recognize the symptoms of bloat in your dog and know how to handle it, if it arises. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10295665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10295665.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10296165.asp The Fila Brasileiro is prone to gassiness, but it can be treated to lessen the incidence of it. You may love your dog, but you may not love the smell that accompanies it. A gassy dog can also be an embarrassment in social situations. So, learn how to recognize some causes of flatulence and help the dog eat well to maintain a diet that doesn't exacerbate gassiness. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10296165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10296165.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10296965.asp Dogs, like people, can suffer skin problems for a variety of reasons. They can have thyroid problems that go undetected except for the skin issues. They can have food allergies that provoke outbreaks on the skin under the coat. They can even just be sensitive to certain medications and flea products, like the Komondor, as part of their genetic make-up. You probably will not be able to diagnose the cause of a skin problem without taking the dog to a veterinarian. There are, however, some things that you can do to try to make sure your Komondor does not have too many triggers in their environment that can exacerbate possible skin problems. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10296965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10296965.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10297065.asp On average, larger dogs tend to have a shorter lifespan than less hefty dogs. Being large, like the Fila Brasileiro, comes with a host of health problems that can affect longevity. The weight of their massive frames lends them to having problems with bone and joint diseases, which can cripple them. Many contract cancer when they are just middle-aged, in terms of dog years. The heart in smaller dogs doesn't have to work as hard as it does in a dog like a Fila Brasileiro that has a huge body to support. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10297065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10297065.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10297365.asp The Komondor's coat is a thick mass of curly cords that protect it in cold as well as hot, dry, weather. If the weather is humid or the coat gets wet, however, then the coat takes a long time to dry and can cause irritation to the skin. If the coat isn't fully grown in or in bad shape, the combination of heat, humidity, and skin irritation can cause hot spots or lesions on the skin. These will need to be treated and healed. Hot, humid weather can also result in an increase in fleas and ticks that will hide within the deep fur of the dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10297365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10297365.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10298765.asp The Irish wolfhound is a relatively healthy breed of dog, but is occasionally affected by heart disease. There are different heart problems that may affect the Irish wolfhound, but the most common heart disorder is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Until recently, many Irish wolfhounds (as well as other dogs) died because there just wasn't enough research available for a local vet to correctly diagnose the problem as DCM. DCM is now much better known, so veterinarians will usually run tests to rule out this disorder, especially in breeds that are prone to developing DCM, such as the Irish wolfhound. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10298765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/10298765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102100965.asp Once you've decided that the Gordon Setter is the dog for you, it's important to do plenty of research prior to adoption to ensure that your new pet is healthy. Finding a reputable breeder will be your most important and most arduous task. The current living conditions, the parents' health and even lineage are things you should inquire about with every breeder you meet. The answers to these questions are important regardless what your motivation is for adopting a Gordon Setter. Family pets and show dogs alike need to be cared for in a loving and healthy environment to prevent later health problems and behavioral ones. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102100965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102100965.asp> Thu, 27 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102101065.asp The Irish wolfhound is a very large dog and many owners are going to feel that they need a lot more food than the average large breed dog. They do need to be fed a sufficient amount, but not that much more than the average large breed dog. It is important to give your Irish wolfhound the right kind of dog food for their lifestyle. Unless they are a working dog doing a lot of work, they should not be on a high protein/high energy type of food. The inactive Irish wolfhound can get along fine with a dog food with a protein of 18 % or less. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102101065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102101065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102102065.asp Deciding whether or not to "fix" your Gordon Setter can be difficult, but it doesn't have to be. The basic decision comes down to how long you want your Gordon Setter to live. Studies have shown that Gordon Setters, like many dogs are very susceptible to certain diseases and illnesses if they aren't spayed or neutered. To spay or neuter your Gordon Setter is an important decision to make early on, to prevent complications later. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102102065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102102065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103465.asp The Alaskan Klee Kai exhibits many of the best characteristics of its arctic working ancestors. A pressing question for potential owners, then, is whether this small member of the spitz dog family is a healthy choice. The Alaskan Klee Kai, a small breed dog related to the Alaskan Husky, is just a baby in the world of dog breeds. The breed was begun in the mid-1970's through the private efforts of Linda Spurlin. Since this is such a young and rare breed, public informational resources are limited and to some extent are subject to change with the growth of the breed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103465.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103665.asp Hair follicle tumors are not pretty to have to deal with, but are typically not malignant or an indicator of cancer in dogs. There are several different types of hair follicle tumors, one that can be serious, so it is important to have any skin growths or tumors checked through a biopsy to ensure they are benign. Some breeds are more prone to hair follicle tumors than others. Poodles of all sizes are somewhat predisposed to this condition as are Cocker Spaniels and Basset Hounds. There is no indication that either males or females will be more prone to having the condition and it can occur at any age and with any type of diet. It has also not been linked to any particular grooming procedure and it seems from the research it may be an inherited condition but conclusive research has not been completed to be able state this as a fact. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103865.asp "Shock and awe" is more than a military tactic - it's a good description of a potentially deadly allergic reaction that occurs in all types of mammals and, without prompt emergency treatment, is fatal. Anaphylaxis, commonly known as "anaphylactic shock," is a rare but rapidly-developing allergic reaction that results in respiratory failure, heart failure and death. It's most often caused by an allergic reaction to a bite from a stinging insect or snake, or after ingesting a certain food. It can also be brought on by vaccines, antibiotics and select hormones and medications. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102103865.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104065.asp Anesthesia has a well documented place in both human and animal medicine, and it's especially critical as a way to calm and treat animals who are frightened and in pain. The anesthetics that are used in veterinary medicine today are much safer than ones used in the past, and their results are much more predictable. Gas anesthetics can be quickly eliminated by simply removing the mask. Injectable anesthetics, meanwhile, all have a reversal agent that can be quickly administered if there are any adverse effects, such as a drop in the dog's blood pressure. This additional safety is very important, since veterinarians use anesthetics more than regular medical doctors. That's because many animals become extremely terrified or agitated while at the vet's. Therefore anesthesia is often used in procedures like X-rays, joint examinations and laparoscopic procedures. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104265.asp The Alaskan Klee Kai is a very young breed that has only entered the ranks of the dog world within the last 30 years. Although this dog has been very stable and reliable thanks to careful and controlled breeding practices, there is still work to be done to maintain the integrity of the Alaskan Klee Kai breed. The Qualification Examination for the Alaskan Klee Kai is a necessary tool to accomplish the goals of the breed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104265.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104365.asp Anesthetics is one of the myriad heart problems which can affect your pet is a condition known as aortic stenosis or subvalvular aortic stenosis. With this condition, the blood flow is partially blocked as it leaves the left side of the heart (the left ventricle) into the aorta, which is the major blood vessel that transports blood to the rest of the dog's body. The obstruction can be a small nodule or a fibrous band of tissue, either of which is usually located just below the aortic valve, which is the dividing structure between the heart and the aorta. Because of this obstruction, the dog's heart must work harder to pump an adequate supply of blood to the dog's body. Over time, this valve usually narrows even further, a condition known as stenosis. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104465.asp Among the many inherited conditions that can affect your dog's eyes are a group known as corneal dystrophies. These conditions cause abnormal corneal development, usually in both eyes, and lead to various problems with the animal's vision. Depending upon the type, one or more layers of the cornea (the transparent lens that covers the front of the eye) will be affected. The major types of corneal dystrophies are: Epithelial Dystrophy, which causes shallow but painful ulcers and erosion on the surface of the cornea. Endothelial Dystrophy, which affects the function of the endothelial cells, causing a buildup of fluid in the cornea (also known as corneal edema). http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104465.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104665.asp If your dog has a multicolored coat then it may be susceptible to a rare condition known as Black Hair Follicular Dysplasia, or BHFD. A hereditary disorder carried through recessive genes, BHFD can appear in any purebred or crossbreed dog with a multi-colored coat. An as-yet-unidentified genetic defect in the skin pigment (melanin) and in the hair shaft formation is believed to be the cause. This condition causes the black or dark-haired portions of the coat to fall out when the animal is still a puppy or young dog, leaving behind bare skin. In the early stages, the pup's dark hair will gradually fade and take on a washed-out, gray or bluish cast. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104865.asp A "stoned" dog is not a healthy dog. Especially if the "stones" are located within the animal's bladder, where they can cause pain and interfere with urination. Clinically known as urolithiasis, bladder stones (urinary calculi) actually can be found anywhere within the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, ureter (the tube connecting the kidneys to the bladder) and the urethra (the tube from the bladder to the outside of the animal). More than 85 percent of the time, however, these stones are found within the bladder itself. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102104865.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105165.asp In human beings, bloating may sound like a fairly mild problem, brought on by a too-large meal or perhaps water retention. In dogs, however, bloat is only one name for a life-threatening condition that's also known as gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV), stomach torsion or twisted stomach. Affected dogs will die within several hours if left untreated, and even with treatment more than a quarter of dogs with GDV die. Bloat is a two-fold illness with several causes. First, for a variety of reasons, the stomach can fill up with air, putting pressure on nearby internal organs, on the large veins in the abdomen and the diaphragm. This in turn makes it difficult for the dog to breathe and prevents blood from returning to the heart. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105165.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105265.asp If you notice your dog is bruising easily or bleeding with no obvious cause, a trip to the veterinarian is in order. Your pet may have one of several types of bleeding disorders that can affect canines. These disorders occur when the blood does not clot normally, in turn causing the dog to bleed abnormally or excessively after any minor injury or cut. There are a number of warning signs that indicate your dog may have a blood disorder. Be watchful for any bleeding or bruises that have no obvious cause, frequent nosebleeds and blood in the animal's urine or feces. Also, the gums may be pale, and there may be tiny pinpoint-sized red spots on the gums or the whites of the eyes. If your dog becomes tired easily, he also may have anemia, which results from a reduced number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105265.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105365.asp If you're fond of dogs that have a "smashed in" face, then your pet likely falls into a special category of canine known as brachycephalic. The term comes from two Greek words: "brachy," which means short, and "cephalic," which means head. These types of dogs have been bred through the generations to have a normal lower jaw in proportion to their body, and a compressed, or shorter, upper jaw. Because of selective breeding, these dogs also have developed a number of health conditions that may cause concerns. Specifically, these dogs often have brachycephalic respiratory syndrome, a condition that affects different areas of the respiratory tract. Breeds most often affected are Boston Terriers, Bulldogs, Pekingese, Pugs and Shih Tzus. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105565.asp One of the more recently recognized disorders in dogs is one known by several terms, including Canine Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome, CECS, or "Spike's Disease." A tricky disease that is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, CECS is considered to be a problem of multiple body systems, including the metabolic, neurological and muscular systems. The symptoms of CECS vary, and an affected animal may display many of them or only a few at one time. Symptoms include trembling, staggering, dizziness, exaggerated stretching, and an unusually slow or methodical posture while walking. Also, the dog's abdominal and lumbar (back) muscles may cramp severely, and the animal may fall over and be unable to rise. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105665.asp Among the many diseases that can strike the human and canine heart is a disease of the heart muscle itself. Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, causes the walls of the heart's four chambers to become enlarged and thus not function properly, and it usually is found in larger breeds of dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105865.asp Many breeds of dog are vulnerable to specific health problems, and the Collie is no exception. These beautiful animals are subject to a genetically-carried eye problem known as Collie Eye Anomaly. It's a disorder that occurs deep within the eye and strikes all types of Collies. Also known as choroidal hypoplasia, collie scleral ectasia syndrome and optic nerve/disc coloboma, it causes four main changes in the dog's eye. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102105865.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106065.asp It's not just toddlers that can get into your drain cleaner or antifreeze. Curious pets also frequently come into contact with dangerous chemicals. In fact, Animal Control Poison Centers around the globe log in hundreds of thousands of calls each year from worried pet owners whose animals have been accidentally exposed to household poisons. Among the most frequent causes of poisoning in dogs are such items as human medications, insecticides and rodenticides. Obviously the latter two are direct poisons, designed to kill household pests, and in a dog they usually cause bleeding, seizures, kidney damage and death. Even flea and tick medicines designed specifically for dogs can occasionally cause problems if the animal proves to be allergic and/or the instructions are not followed exactly. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106065.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106165.asp Stars in your eyes are one thing, but "cherries" in your dog's eyes signal trouble. Clinically known as nictitans gland prolapse, cherry eye leaves a mass of red tissue visible in the inside corner of the dog's eye. The condition occurs when the dog's third eyelid pops out or otherwise becomes dislodged from its normal position. Like cats, dogs have three eyelids - an upper, a lower and a third, largely invisible, eyelid which contains a tear gland and acts as a windshield wiper across the eye. It's when this third eyelid comes loose from its normal position (prolapses) and swells that the animal is diagnosed with cherry eye. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106165.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106465.asp Skin rashes that occur throughout time and that are directly caused by contact with a particular type of irritant are often classed as chronic eczema in dogs. These conditions will occur throughout a dog's life but often become more obvious and chronic in nature as the dog matures or if it is ill or stressed. All breeds of dogs can have chronic eczema but breeds that are most known for the skin condition include the German Shepherd, Dalmatian and the hairless breeds of dogs such as the Chinese Crested and the Mexican Hairless. Some Basenji dogs that have very sensitive skin are also prone to eczema. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106565.asp A number of pure-bred dogs have some noted health issues, often due to irresponsible breeding practices which result in a weakening of the breed. But does this hold true for the American Pit Bull Terrier? Will a pit bull make a healthy choice as a pet? http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106665.asp The collapsed or collapsing trachea is most commonly seen in toy breeds and very small breeds of dogs such as the miniature Poodle, Yorkshire Terrier and the Pomeranian. It is also very common in the short muzzled or brachycephalic dogs such as the Shih Tzu, Pug, Bulldog, Boston Terrier and the Pekingese. Collapsed tracheas can also be seen in almost any other dog that has an injury to the throat area, has a severe or persistent problem with kennel cough or another upper respiratory infection or disease, is extremely obese or has an enlargement of the heart that pushes against the trachea. In rare cases dogs that have under gone a surgical procedure and have had a breathing tube placed down the throat may have problems with collapse trachea later if the tube was incorrectly inserted or if the dog already had the condition and the insertion of the tube made it more severe. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102106665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107065.asp Although any breed of dog can potentially develop congestive heart failure it is most commonly known to affect smaller breeds of dogs. To further add to the problem often these dogs exhibit few symptoms or signs to alert their owners to the ongoing, serious health condition that is slowly decreasing the heart's ability to function correctly. Since the signs of congestive heart failure are often very similar to what might be reasonable expected behaviors of an aging dog, often owners miss the first few subtle signs or assume they are just old age setting in. There are three common and clear signs that owners of small breeds should be carefully monitoring their dogs for. These include decreasing energy and stamina levels, increased problems in breathing and increases in coughing either when exercising or when resting. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107065.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107365.asp As the name implies, copper toxicosis is literally a poisoning or toxicity due to an over abundance of copper in the blood. Most dogs have a natural mechanism or metabolic process to allow the liver to effectively excrete or store copper in the body to aid in correct body functioning. In dogs with copper toxicosis the liver is either incorrectly secreting excess copper or it is the copper storage in the body is not functioning properly, causing the body to absorb and store copper until it reaches a fatally toxic level. The pureblood dogs that are most commonly affected by this condition are the Bedlington Terrier, West Highland White Terrier and the Skye Terrier, although other terrier breeds can have the condition. Besides the obvious terrier breeds Doberman Pinschers, which do have a terrier component to their heritage are also known to have problems with copper toxicosis. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107565.asp You may have noticed that your dog or puppy appears to have a metallic or opaque look to the outer layer of each eye, either in the middle or to the edges of the eye. In some breeds it may also appear like a crystalline growth in the eyes, or even as a smoky or smudgy area of the cornea. Any type of eye discoloration that is inherited, bilateral (affecting both eyes), and is not swollen or inflamed is known as corneal dystrophy. This condition is common in many different breeds of dogs and can strike at any age from just a few months old up to senior ages. Typically the condition affecting the dog's vision will slowly progress, decreasing sight in both eyes as the dog matures and ages. In some breeds the progression will be relatively slow while in others the condition rapidly leads to vision loss. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107965.asp Corneal ulcer is the correct medical term for any type of painful irritation to the corneal or outer protective layer of they eye. Corneal ulcers can happen from a variety of normal circumstances but they can also occur from specific medical conditions and diseases. In dogs the most common forms of corneal ulcers include scrapes and scratches of the eye or eyes from grass, debris or even the dog's own claws, entropion or eyelashes rolled inward to the eyeball, dry eye conditions resulting in abrasion or rubbing of the surface of the eye without lubrication and infections in the eye. Corneal ulcers are typically noted by increased watering or tearing as the eye tries to soothe the irritated and painful area, refusal to open the eye or squinting, thick discharge from the eye or a red irritated appearance to the eye in mild cases. The dog may try to scratch at his or her eye continually or may rub the side of the head along the ground, on furniture or even against your hand or leg. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102107965.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108565.asp Cushing's disease, more correctly known as hyperadrenocorticism is caused when the adrenal glands produce too much glucocorticoid, a natural steroid hormone. This overproduction can occur when the adrenal glands themselves are not functioning properly or when the pituitary gland overproduces the compound ACTH or adrenocorticotropic hormone, which in turn overstimulates the adrenal glands to produce the glucocorticiod. The adrenal gland malfunctioning type of Cushing's disease only occurs in about 20% of diagnosed cases with the pituitary overproduction of ACTH making up the rest of the 80%. Regardless of which of the two causes occurs, the general symptoms will be the same although the treatment options will be different. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108865.asp We have all heard of how excruciatingly painful kidney stones are in humans, imagine how painful and frightening this condition must be to a dog that cannot explain what he or she is feeling. Cystinuria is a congenital genetic defect, which means that puppies are born with the condition but it may not become developed until the puppies mature. That is not to say the puppies may not have trouble with kidney stones even at a young age, it will vary greatly from dog to dog. Factors such as overall health, other presenting genetic or congenital problems or even kidney and bladder infections can make this situation more problematic at younger ages. Breeds that are known to have problems with kidney stones include Scottish Deerhounds, Mastiffs, Newfoundlands, Boxers, Cairn Terriers, Corgis and Labrador Retrievers. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108865.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108965.asp Because the American Water Spaniel is such a rare breed, mating and pregnancy should be approached with great care. While there are several American Water Spaniel breeders in existence, there are only three bloodlines left in the entire world. This makes it extremely important to do the proper amount of research before taking on this task. At twenty five to forty pounds the female American Water Spaniel is a medium size dog that generally sails through uneventful episodes of mating and pregnancy. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102108965.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102109265.asp Hind leg paralysis, commonly known as Dachshund paralysis is most common in the long backed breeds. The Dachshund has been bred for centuries to have a disproportionately long back with short little legs to support his or her weight on either end. This results in a huge problem for the long spine, especially close to the middle where there is little support and the bulk of the weight. For Dachshunds that are obese this problem become even more pronounced, however even very fit Dachshunds can have this problem if they injure their back jumping up or down or twist or are injured. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102109265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102109265.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102109665.asp Nothing is as horrible for a dog owner as to see their beloved pet slowly lose the ability to move without being able to do anything about it. Unfortunately for those dogs diagnosed with degenerative myelopathy this is just the case. The disease causes a malfunction in the signals between the brain and the hindquarters, resulting in gradual loss of functioning of the back legs that is similar to a paralysis. The breeds most often associated with degenerative myelopathy are not typically the long backed breeds, although it would be logical to assume these breeds would have the most problems. German Shepherds, Irish Setters, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers and the Welsh Corgis are the breeds most commonly diagnosed with the condition. Since it is more prevalent in specific breeds there is likely a genetic component to the condition although it has not been isolated at this time. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102109665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102109665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110165.asp Many breeds of dogs have brown, hazel or even yellow eyes, but there are also some breeds that are more prone to blue eyes, commonly referred to as glass eyes. The breeds most commonly associated with glass eyes include Australian Shepherds, Blue Heelers, Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldogs, Catahoulas, Siberian Huskies, Corgies, Dachshunds and Shetland Sheepdogs. Any other dog breed could potentially have a blue eye or glass eye, but in many breeds the rare blue color is considered a disqualification in the show ring, but does not mean that the dog cannot be registered. Glass eyes do not indicate damage to the eye and there is no indication that the dog is not able to see equally well through any colored eye, despite many myths to the contrary. There is no breed standard that only allows for blue eyes, but it is favored in many of the breeds by breeders looking for flash in their breeding line. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110165.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110565.asp Growing pains are normal in any type of mammal and occur where there are growth spurts or rapid development in the long bones of the skeleton. In dogs this is typically in the front leg or humerus bones or the hind leg tibia or femur bones. While some growing pains are to be expected, especially since the giant and large breeds of dogs mature and grow so rapidly, there are also several different conditions that can occur that are serious medical conditions and are not average growth related issues. One of the most common of these growing pain disorders is known as Panosteitis. This condition is noted by intermittent lameness in all the legs or just in the front or back legs, sometimes at different times or occasionally in all four legs at the same time. The greatest problem is that the condition will come and go, sometimes lasting only a few days or even up to two or more weeks. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110665.asp When it comes to dogs that like to swim, ear care becomes of utmost importance. This is especially true for the American Water Spaniel. The ear canal of a dog has a much different shape than a humans. Furthermore, with the American Water Spaniel's ears covering the canal's opening, air flow is greatly reduced. Even in dogs that don't swim, this can provide a warm moist place where bacteria easily flourish. With dogs that do like to swim, adding water to the equation can make things even worse. Ear infections are known to be a very common problem for water dogs. Those who opt for an American Water Spaniel should expect to make ear care a weekly routine. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110965.asp You know how much it hurts when your lips are dry and chapped, well now imagine how it would feel to have the end or part of your tongue always dry and cracked. That is exactly what dogs with hanging tongue syndrome have to deal with every day. Although many smaller breeds such as the Mexican Hairless, Chihuahua, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and some of the brachycephalic breeds such as Pugs are most prone to the condition it can also be seen in larger breeds such as the German Shepherd. The condition is caused by an injury or trauma to the jaw or muzzle, a neurological problem or an anatomical malformation that prevents the dog from pulling his or her tongue back into the mouth. Normally dogs will pant and even sit with their tongues hanging out to stay cool, but they do pull the tongue back in to swallow and to moisten the surface. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102110965.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102111365.asp There are several different kinds of heart diseases that can affect puppies and dogs. Just like with people, some dogs appear more likely to get these disease based on their genetic make-up as well as their lifestyle and nutrition. In some cases heart disease are more problematic within the breed as a whole and reputable breeders continue to carefully select breeding pairs to avoid any problems with passing on the condition to future generations. One type of heart disease that can happen in almost any breed of dog is a congenital heart condition. This is a heart malformation or disease that is present when the puppy is born. It can be genetic or be caused by a birth defect or injury or trauma when the puppy was developing. Often females that are stressed through disease, poor nutrition or injury during pregnancy are far more likely to have puppies with congenital conditions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102111365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102111365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102111765.asp Heat prostration, more commonly known as heat stroke, is a potentially fatal disease for any breed of dog, even those that are used to hot climates. Heat stroke in dogs is very similar to the condition seen in humans and occurs when the dog's internal cooling system is not able to sufficiently regulate the body temperature, leading to heart failure and death. The breeds that are at the greatest risk for heat stroke are very active large or giant breeds and breeds that have the pug-type nose known as brachycephalic dogs. In the pug-nosed breeds the air passages that cool the air in the nose are too short to allow for proper temperature changes, resulting in breathing problems and extra stress on the body in extreme heat conditions. In the larger, active breeds the dogs simply don't realize that they are overheating until it is too late and they have begun to have problems in functioning. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102111765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102111765.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112065.asp Heat sensitivity or the inability to tolerate heat can be a problem in many breeds. The brachycephalic dogs or pug nosed dogs such as Boston Terriers, Pugs, Pekingese, Boxers, Bulldogs or Shih Tzus are the breeds most prone to problems in handling the heat but other breeds may have concerns as well. Some of the double coated breeds that have been bred for colder, northern climates can also be prone to heat sensitivity when moved to more temperate regions. Heat sensitivity can lead to the serious, life threatening heat stroke seen in dog's whose internal temperature rises above 107 degrees Fahrenheit. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112065.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112365.asp Hemangiosarcoma is a cancer that, in the most serious variety, is almost always fatal in dogs because it is so difficult to detect before it has reached the life-threatening stage. Historically the prognosis for the disease is not good because by the time it is diagnosed there were no treatment options and the dog typically died within six to eight weeks after the diagnosis. With new methods for testing for the cancer as well as drug therapies and chemotherapy the disease, while still very serious, is often not fatal if detected early. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112965.asp Have you ever noticed how some breeds of dogs have a little cork screw or screw-tailed appearance? Often these dogs tend to be the short muzzled or brachycephalic breeds as well, and their short little kinky tails tend to balance out their short, pushed in faces. While the short little kinked tails may be cute in appearance, it is also an indicator of a deformation of the vertebrae of the spine, known as hemivertebrae. There are also some types of hemivertebrae or hemivertebra that can occur in other areas of the spine as well resulting in other malformations and movement problems. The breeds most likely to have hemivertebrae at the tail include Pugs, Boston Terriers and the English and French Bulldogs. The breeds that are most commonly seen with hemivertebrae in other areas of the spine include German Short Haired Pointers and the German Shepherd. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102112965.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113265.asp Hemophilia in dogs, which can actually be type A or type B, is a blood disorder that prevents the blood from clotting at the site of wounds or injury. In normally functioning dogs without hemophilia there are series of compounds and chemicals that are released by the blood and body in reaction to an injury. Each chemical reaction leads to another, which then eventually results in the blood platelets being "glued" together by coagulants at the site of the wound, forming a sort of a natural dam that stops blood loss. In dogs with hemophilia A, there is a breakdown in the chain of reactions at the factor XIII stage. This condition, as with hemophilia B, is inherited and is a sex-linked genetic deficiency, which means that it is almost exclusively seen in male dogs. Females can be carriers so in breeds prone to the condition, such as German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers and Scottish Terriers, it is important to check the blood clotting ability of the female prior to breeding. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113265.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113365.asp No matter what breed you choose, you will always find there is something that just isn't perfect about it. The Belgian Sheepdog is no different. Though for the most part it is a perfectly wonderful pet, sometimes you will find one that is less than perfect. Although you can often eliminate these faults if you buy your dog from a reputable breeder that tests the parents before conception for any defaults, you can't always prevent everything. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113565.asp While this may seem like an obvious question, in some cases the answer to "Is it a boy or a girl?" may not be so easy when it comes to some puppies. Within the canine species, as with almost any other type of animal, there are sometimes genetic mix-ups that result in congenital problems in sexual differentiation. This condition, known as hermaphrodism, occurs when an animal is born with both male and female sexual organs. They may not be functional in the sense that the organs may not allow the dog to reproduce, but they can be present. Often hermaphrodism results in sterility in the dog and typically vets recommend both spaying and neutering to prevent any further complications that can occur in the rare case that the dog may conceive. Since hermaphrodism is a genetic mistake, there is a good chance that the puppy will also have other congenital conditions that may develop later. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113765.asp Hydrocephalus, also known as water on the brain, is a very serious and usually fatal condition in many of the toy breeds of dogs. It can also occur in almost any other breed due to toxin ingestion by a pregnant female, through trauma or injury to the head, brain or spinal column or through several different disease and genetic conditions. In toy breeds the condition is often congenital which means the puppies have the condition from birth. Any breeding dogs that produce litters where hydrocephalus is diagnosed should be spayed or neutered or restricted from any further use in breeding programs. The breeds that have the highest incidence of hydrocephalus include the Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Maltese and Yorkshire Terrier. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102113765.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102114365.asp Although it sounds somewhat similar to hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism affects the body much differently. The parathyroid glands are located right next to the thyroid glands and work to balance the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone or PTH. This hormone will cause the absorption or release of calcium from the bones in the skeletal system to regulate the blood calcium and phosphorus levels. The Keeshond is the breed most commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. There are actually two different types of hyperparathyroidism caused by two very different sets of circumstances. The first type of hyperparathyroidism, called primary hyperparathyroidism is caused when the parathyroid glands become tumerous. Usually the tumor is benign and is known as an adenoma. This tumor causes the parathyroid to produce large amounts of PTH, resulting in highly elevated calcium levels in the blood. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102114365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102114365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102115265.asp Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) is one of the many different bone growth problems that seem to strike the large and giant breeds of dogs far more frequently than the medium and small breeds. HOD has no known cause and is not believed to be genetic; rather it may be combination of several different factors. Some researchers believe it may be caused by a bacterial infection, others indicate a lack of Vitamin C and still others feel it is nutritional problem caused by feeding high fat and protein diets that cause too rapid growth. Since different puppies seem to react to different treatment modes and programs there is really no consensus on how to treat the condition or what is the root cause. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102115265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102115265.asp> Wed, 1 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102115565.asp Just like people dogs need to have sugar in their blood to supply the body and brain with the fuel it needs to work properly and efficiently. In some breeds, particularly the toy dogs such as Chihuahuas, Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians and Maltese hypoglycemia can be a problem in adult dogs that simply don't have enough body fat to carry their blood sugar between meals. Most of these small breeds have a significant drop in blood sugar that can trigger hypoglycemia if fasting for more than eight hours. Another type of hypoglycemia is called juvenile hypoglycemia that occurs when puppies are weaned and switched to regular dog foods. Often these puppies do not eat properly or skip meals, leading to rapid drops in blood sugar and the resulting seizures, lethargy and poor growth and development. The smaller breed puppies, especially those that are bred to be teacup or toy are most prone to the problem, but any puppy that is not getting proper nutrition can develop the symptoms. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102115565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102115565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116365.asp One of the most distinguishing features of the Bulldogs, either English or French is their unique very small, often very kinky or corkscrew tail. This is a breed trait and while common is typically considered a fault or must be clearly defined as a screwed tail with definite kinks. A corkscrew tail may also be called an ingrown or internalized tail and is not as commonly noted in any other breed other than the Bulldog. Occasionally a Shar Pei or Bichon Frise may have what is known as a corkscrew tail or pig tail, but this is typically considered a disqualifying fault in these breeds. The Bulldog often have a growth problem in the tail that actually leads to the tail growing inwards instead of outwards. This tends to leave a rather large, or small, depending on the age and size of the dog, cleft or indentation just where the tail would normally be. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116665.asp There are several differences in the human skeletal structure and that of a dog, but there are just as many similarities. The spine of both a human and dog is made up of a series of small vertebrae that form the solid structure of the spine. Each one of the vertebrae is made of bone, and if not cushioned from each other would be very painful and cause pressure and pinching of the delicate bundle of nerves known as the spinal cord that travels through the center of the vertebrae. To provide cushioning between each vertebrae there is a series of flexible cartilage discs known as intervertebral discs between each. These discs provide the movement of the spine as well as protection for the spinal cord during movement and protection of the bones of the vertebrae from rubbing and wearing. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116965.asp There are many different types of jawbone disorders that can be problematic in a variety of dogs from the small little toy dogs on up to the giant dogs. Some breeds will have possible jawbone problems either based on genetic or congenital problems that can occur within the breed or line. By purchasing a puppy through a reputable breeder there is far less chance of any type of jawbone abnormality to occur, plus you will have researched the breed and be aware of the potential problems and issues that can occur. In most breeds there is the possibility of an under or overshot jaw. In some breeds, such as the Bulldog, the longer lower jaw is desirable, but in most breeds it is considered a serious fault or a disqualification. Dogs with longer lower jaws may have increased problems with trauma and damage to the jaw that can affect the movement of the mouth. Since any pain associated with the mouth or jaw leads to a decrease in food consumption, this can have a huge impact on the over health of the dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102116965.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117065.asp One of the downsides of having a dog with a very short snout is the prevalence of gingivitis and gum disease this tooth formation encourages. In fact, the shih tzu is not unique in this problem, many other dogs with short noses (also called Brachycephalic) are at special risk for gum disease and possible tooth infection or loss. This problem goes much farther than having a dog with a stinky face or even loosing teeth - tooth infections can actually kill or make your dog very sick, indeed. Even low-level infections from long-term tooth decay can lead to health problems such as decreased immunity and overall vigor. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117065.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117165.asp In a normal canine eyelid structure, hairs called eyelashes grow forth from the rim of the eyelid, pointing outward, and are used much like bronchial cilia to trap dust and foreign bodies from entering the sensitive membrane of the eye. There are, however, instances where this goes wrong, and it usually manifests in one of three ways. Ectopic cilia, when the eyelash grows through from the outside to the inside of the eyelid; trichiasis, which eyelashes start growing normally but turn inward; and the most severe: distichiasis, when hairs begin growing from the inside of the eyelid pointed towards the eye. In special circumstances, distichiasis is compounded with a secondary symptom called narrow palpebral fissure in which the opening afforded by a dog's eyelid is significantly smaller than normal. When this happens, it makes treatment especially problematic, and thus it's this compound problem that this article concerns itself with. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117165.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117565.asp Necrotizing Myelopathy is a degenerative disease that affects the spinal cord in dogs, gradually affecting mobility and sensation. It is a progressive disease, so its not known to get better without treatment, and even with treatment, its progress is usually only slowed. The problem is one of the autoimmune system. As antibodies are produced that mistakenly attack the own body, tissue in the central nervous system is destroyed or "necrotized" this phenomenon is often described as the body literally eating itself. When the muscular tissue surrounding the spinal cord is eventually eaten away, it exposes the sensitive nerve fibres of the spinal cord itself. When those are affected, disastrous results begin to happen instantaneously. Paralysis results as the control pathways between the brain and the muscles are shut down and destroyed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117765.asp One of the most devastating and potentially serious diseases to affect our dogs is that of obesity. Thankfully, it's also one of the most easily prevented and treatable diseases. Usually the result of neglect or misinformation, oftentimes all it takes to reverse the adverse affects of obesity is education and a willingness to help your dog improve his or her quality of life. Obesity is a condition in which your dog's percentage of body fat is significantly higher than it should be, resulting in their carrying around a lot of extra weight. This extra weight affects the entirety of your dog's health. It places them at a much greater risk during any surgeries that might be necessary for other diseases; weakens their joints and cartilage, leaving them prone to injuries; and creates an incredible amount of stress on organs and bones that are surrounded by thick walls of fat. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117765.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117865.asp Those who own Shih Tzus are lucky enough to have them around for a while. The average life-span of most is between 11 and 15 years. Therefore, it is very likely that your dog will need some extra care as he or she gets older. Over 7 is considered "senior" by many, and it certainly is fair to consider a dog over 10 years to be elderly. Like any other dog, shih tzus suffer from the same ravages of old age as human beings do. They get tired more quickly, they heal from injuries slower than they may have in the past. The hair becomes more brittle and porous. The muscles and joints may ache in the mornings or in damp weather. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102117865.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102118665.asp Much like with humans, obsessive compulsive disorder in dogs is characterized by the uncontrollable repetition of bizarre, out of context behavior. This behavior can be literally anything and is directed either at other animals or humans or even at inanimate objects such as food dishes or a piece of furniture. In the least severe cases, your dog's disorder might manifest through something simple like pacing back and forth, or hiding in a particular spot for seemingly no reason. At other times, it can become more problematic such as when they begin to bark at "nothing" for hours at a time, or destroy your or other's property with no provocation. In the worst cases, your dog might cause serious problems by turning its frustration against itself. In many cases, this might manifest as destructive behavior such as the dog compulsively chewing on its own foot, resulting in infections and problematic lesions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102118665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102118665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102119365.asp Otitis externa is a general name for a problem that seems to affect nearly all breeds at some point or another, and for a wide variety of causes: the ear infection. One of the most perplexing diseases that can befall your dog, ear infections usually produce no symptoms until the problem is already well under way and even then, extensive testing is required to determine which of the many possible causes is behind this particular outbreak. Signs that a dog's ears might be infected include behavioral symptoms such as incessant scratching of the affected ear, unexplained back and forth shaking of the head, and a sensitivity of the skin around the ear. Other clinical signs include a pungent odor emanating from the interior of the ear, a visible discharge of any color, dark waxy buildup, and raised or swollen ear flesh. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102119365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102119365.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102119865.asp Every dog (or cat, or human for that matter) is born with a hole in his or heart. This hole works as a valve and is called the patent ductus. Its function is primarily to shunt blood to the lungs while the puppy is still in its mother's womb, and as such it becomes unnecessary after birth when the puppy can breathe on its own. Because of this, the fissure known as the patent ductus normally closes on its own by the time the animal is three days old. There are times, however, when for whatever reason, this does not occur. In a normally functioning heart, blood enters the heart on one side and is sent to the lungs to be oxygenated, whereupon it returns to the other side of the heart where it is pumped out to the rest of the body. If the patent ductus does not close, the result is that an inordinate amount of blood is shunted towards the lungs, which causes an increase of fluid on the lungs and labored breathing. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102119865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102119865.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120065.asp Generally, baldness is not considered to be a major problem with dogs. It tends to affect a relatively small percentage of the population, and even then is usually only considered a major defect when it happens to animals that are active in the show ring. However, there are times when animal baldness should be taken more seriously, as it could very well be the sign of much more serious problems that are lying in wait. Patterned baldness is an unpredictable disease. Victims usually are born with thick and normal coats as puppies, with bald spots only beginning to develop at the point of maturity. These bald spots first tend to appear on the flanks, inside the hind legs, and along the front and sides of the neck, often at the deepest part of the chest. It can be distinguished from other causes of hair loss by its distinctive pattern: hair loss as a result of patterned baldness will always occur symmetrically. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120065.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120265.asp Pelger-Huet Syndrome is an observed abnormality in the formation of the nucleus of white blood cells. Whereas a typical white blood cell nucleus would have a generally round appearance, cells affected by Pelger-Huet Syndrome acquire a shape more like two round shapes held together by a thin bridge. It is often described as being shaped like a peanut. Though Pelger-Huet Syndrome is defined as a congenital abnormality, it can and often is developed post-birth and in such cases is termed "Acquired Pelger-Huet Syndrome" though for all intents and purposes, it remains the same defect. This particular type of cellular defect is significant not because of any real problem that it causes in and of itself but because it acts as herald to much more serious diseases such as leukemia. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120265.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120565.asp In normal circumstances, dogs develop in the womb with a thin film called the pupillary membrane covering each eye. The idea is that since the animal is not yet sighted anyway, this won't interfere with vision and is the most efficient way to supply blood to the developing organ. It usually can still be seen once a dog is born but dissolves on its own within the first few days. In some cases, however, this membrane refuses to dissolve and can cause problems; this is known as a persistent pupillary membrane. The membrane is made up of thin but tough strands of a silk-like film. Depending on how much of the membrane persists after birth, these strands can be located in any number of places and their location determines to a large extent how much of a problem the persistent pupillary membrane will cause. The strands can stretch across the entire pupil, from the pupil to the lens, from the iris to the cornea, or they can be free-floating, attached at only one eye. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120565.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120665.asp If you've recently noticed an increased resistance to exercise and a tendency to lay around on the part of your dog, then he or she might very well be the victim of a phosphofructokinase deficiency. Phosphofructokinase deficiency is a disease that inhibits the body from metabolizing glucose into usable energy, leading to the aforementioned lack of enthusiasm and pep that can seem to strike without warning. In advanced stages, the disease can even lead to the onset of more advanced muscular diseases and destroy red blood cells, which can lead to anemia. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120665.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120765.asp Pinched nostrils, otherwise known as stenotic nares, occur when the nostrils of certain breeds of dogs are smaller than normal, resulting in a smaller passageway to the lungs with a markedly increased resistance to airflow. Though it can theoretically affect any breed, dogs with short, wide heads such as bulldogs, pekingnese, and pugs are far and away the most frequent sufferers. In addition to the obvious problems presented by this disease, it should also be known that pinched nostrils are very often accompanied by other abnormalities such as an overlong soft palate, and a tendency for the larynx to collapse due to strain. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102120765.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121165.asp Canine post nasal drip is a condition in which your dog's sinuses produce a vast excess of mucus, which then drains down the back of his or her throat instead of being passed into the nasal cavity where it can later be expelled. It's a frustrating condition that causes an almost constant sense of irritation in the back of the throat and in addition to increasing the likelihood of infections and sore throats, it can add a lot of stress to your dog's life that could cause him or her to act out in unusual and unwanted ways. The number of potential causes of canine post nasal drip is vast. It can be instigated by basic respiratory diseases such as rhinitis and sinusitis, or it could develop as the result of trauma to the throat and sinuses such as acid reflux disease or a particularly bad instance of airway blockage. It's even possible for allergic reactions to food, medication, or something in the environment to cause canine post nasal drip to occur. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121165.asp> Mon, 1 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121665.asp Premature disc degeneration is a disease in which a dog's vertebral discs begin to degenerate more rapidly than could be naturally expected. Degeneration might effect either the discs themselves in that they can become calcified and less mobile, or the spaces between the discs when cartilaginous cushions begin to deteriorate. It is classified under the generalized heading of premature aging and has many profound effects upon a dog's overall health, causing at best chronic pain and at worst loss of motor function. Premature disc degeneration usually begins to occur in dogs that are between three and five years old, and seems to affect the discs in the cervical region of the spine most often. Depending on which discs are affected, the problem manifests itself visually in a variety of different ways. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121665.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121965.asp Premature graying refers to a disorder in which your dog's coat begins to lose the richness of its natural color and adopts a dull gray tone. Often this is associated with loss of hair, or the softening of hair which can ruin the texture of a coat in some breeds such as the Schnauzer or others with a typically coarse and wiry coat. Although almost all breeds will eventually lose some of their color and begin to go gray, graying is considered a problem when it occurs much earlier than could naturally be anticipated. The disease can affect any breed of dog, but studies have indicated that it is most likely to affect dogs that are both small and possess a tightly woven coat as their standard, again making the miniature Schnauzer a prime candidate. It's not necessarily a harmful disease as it causes no real detriments to a dog's overall health, but it can still be very problematic for some people who paid a lot of money for a dog of a certain color, especially if they had plans to put that dog into the show ring. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102121965.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122065.asp Getting a Scottish Deerhound can be a big responsibility because the life of a dog is in your hands. Because of this, it is imperative that you know the health problems that are commonly associated with a Scottish Deerhound and what you should do if your dog is afflicted by such illnesses. Here are the common illnesses found among Scottish Deerhounds, and also the various treatments and prevention measures that you can use to ensure that your pet is fit and healthy. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122065.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122165.asp If you have a Scottish Deerhound for a pet, you must know that this dog has special needs when it comes to its health. There are a few things you have to look into when caring for your Scottish Deerhound, namely, exercise, feeding and medical attention. If you have a Scottish Deerhound, the most important thing that you should do to ensure its overall health is to provide sufficient exercise. For a Deerhound puppy, you should be aware that the amount of exercise that you give to your pet would translate to its overall development as a dog, both in terms of health and physical growth. Therefore, for an active breed such as the Scottish Deerhound, frequent and proper exercise is necessary to maintain its state of well-being. In line with this, it is best that you can provide a large, fenced area for your Scottish Deerhound to run around in. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122265.asp There is nothing, I repeat: nothing, your dachshund likes more than eating. Though sleeping and chasing after balls might come close, they'll drop the others for food anytime. While there is the occasional dachshund that isn't quite to ravenous (especially among some of the more exotic coat types), as a breed, they are insatiable. That said, it will be an uphill battle throughout your dachshund's life to keep their weight under control. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122265.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122765.asp Protopsis is an emergency medical condition in which an otherwise healthy eye explodes or falls out of the orbital socket that normally contains it. Though it can happen in any breed, it seems to occur most often in those with short and wide faces such as pugs, bulldogs, and pekingnese. Protopsis can happen for a wide variety of reasons. It could occur as the result of trauma such as a scratch or bite by another animal, even when the resulting damage is not externally visible. Likewise, it could occur as the result of pressure exerted upon the inner eye from the build-up of ocular fluids. It's even possible for protopsis to happen spontaneously with no discernible cause whatsoever. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102122765.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124365.asp In a normally functioning canine heart, the right side of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs to be infused with oxygen. This oxygenated blood is then cycled back into the left side of the heart where it is sent out to the rest of the body. There exists, however, a medical condition called pulmonic stenosis that interferes with this natural and medically necessary process. In an animal with pulmonic stenosis, blood flow to the lungs is compromised by an improperly formed pulmonic valve. As a result, the heart must work much harder than normal to pump blood to the lungs, and the ultimate result is a swelling of fluid in the right chambers of the heart, a thickening of the heart muscle, and eventually heart failure and death. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124365.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124565.asp Pyometra is a medical condition in which pus is accumulated in the uterus of a dog. It usually happens after the animal has gone through a heat cycle without becoming pregnant. Hormonal abnormalities result in the uterine lining becoming thick. When this happens, fluid begins to accumulate within the thickened walls, infection develops and the uterus fills with pus. In certain conditions, namely if the cervix is open, the pus will drain from the dog through the vagina and is an unpleasant, but not especially life-threatening concern. If the cervix is closed, however, the pus will be trapped inside the uterus and cannot drain outside the body. At this point, the infection rapidly becomes a threat to the dog's life. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124565.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124965.asp Pyotraumatic Dermatitis, also known as "hot spots", are severe skin irritations caused by trauma that a dog typically inflicts on his or her self. Attempts to scratch persistent itches, to bite at fleas, or to alleviate some type of pain result in painful trauma to the outermost layer of skin. Though this trauma is the most frequent cause of hot spots, hypersensitivity to parasites such as fleas or mites or allergic reactions to food or medications can also cause similar irritations. Ultimately, the trauma to the skin manifests as large, open lesions within a matter of hours. These lesions are typically a bright red, moist, and oozing sore that rapidly forms a crust surrounded by red, raised skin. Hair is lost from the affected area, but in any hot spot, the hairline is very clearly defined with a sharp edge. If left untreated, the lesion will spread very rapidly, and there is substantial pain associated with the area of the trauma. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102124965.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125365.asp The function of a healthy kidney is to remove naturally occurring and foreign toxins from the bloodstream and eject them from the body via urination. A healthy kidney is made up of three major structure: the cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis. The cortex is the largest part of the kidney, and makes up the entire outer area. This area is filled with capillaries that control the fluid interchange function of the kidneys; fluids that have had their toxins removed are passed through here in order to be reabsorbed back into the blood stream by the medulla. Renal cortical hypoplasia is a disease in which the cortex of the kidneys is improperly developed. The natural result is that proper filtration of toxins from the bloodstream cannot be carried out and over time, renal failure is inevitable. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125365.asp> Sat, 20 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125765.asp In a healthy dog, kidneys fulfill the role of filter for the body's waste. They absorb toxins from the bloodstream and pass them out of the body as urine. In addition, they regulate the level of calcium in the bloodstream and aid in the metabolism of phosphorous. The "filtering" aspect of a kidney's function is carried out by tiny funnel-shaped tubes called nephrons. They number in the millions in each kidney and are essential parts of the filtration process. However, they are incredibly sensitive to damage. Poison, disease, fever, trauma, bacterial infection and aging all can destroy nephrons very easily, and once destroyed they never grow back. This usually isn't a major concern, though, as kidneys are made to continue working with as little as one quarter of their nephrons intact. If the level falls much below that, however, renal failure will rapidly occur. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125765.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125865.asp The Schipperke is a healthy breed of dog that is not known to suffer the unfortunate effects of genetic maladies that other breeds are prone to. This is due largely to the fact that breeders have followed very strict guidelines when it comes to their trade. However, it is not totally unheard of for the Schipperke to experience dental problems due to crooked bites or a build up of tartar at the gumline. Because of this, owners should expect to make dental care a regular part of their care routine. Waiting until the problem is large and out of control can cause the Schipperke a large amount of undue stress and pain. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102125865.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126165.asp Renal dysplasia is a disease which results in the improper formation of a dog's kidneys. Because they are improperly formed, the kidneys cannot then carry out their essential functions of eliminating waste from the blood stream, regulating the body's level of calcium, or aiding in the metabolism of phosphorous. Ultimately, kidneys suffering from renal dysplasia will result in outright renal failure as more of more of their functions are compromised and cease to be carried out satisfactorily. All breeds are subject to renal dysplasia but there are several for which the risk of carrying the disease is higher than average. These include Samoyed, Malamutes, and Spitz breeds in general, as well as Doberman Pinschers, Terriers, and toy breeds such as the Poodle. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126165.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126465.asp The retina is a structure in the back of the eye. It is responsible for receiving light through the lens and converting it into electric signals that can be transmitted to the brain and perceived as sensory data. It is quite a complex instrument, and as such, malformations can occur during its development. These are rare problems, but certain factors such as the breed of your dog and certain matters of heredity can affect the likelihood of contracting them. Retinal dysplasia is a disorder that occurs when the two layers of the retina do not form together in the correct manner during the formation of the fetus. In its mildest form, this causes light accordion-style folding to occur on the inner layer of the retina, which are called "retinal folds". This disorder is not progressive, which means that whatever degree of severity a puppy possesses at birth is as severe as the disease will ever get. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126465.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126665.asp Canine rheumatism is a degenerative disease that affects the joints and cartilage of an otherwise healthy dog. It can occur in most any breed at almost any age, with no real warning signs. Canine rheumatism is a progressive disease, which means that it will not get better without treatment, and even with treatment, it usually tends to get worse over time. The ultimate result of rheumatism tends to be the total destruction of cartilage cushioning between joints and the death of cells that produce that cartilage. As a result, these bones grind together very painfully, and motor function can be lost altogether. Canine rheumatism most often occurs as the result of either trauma or bacterial infection, and is most prevalent in dogs that have already reached middle age, as well as older dogs. That said, it can easily happen as well in younger dogs, especially if they're of one of the breeds that are predisposed to joint ailments such as hip dysplasia. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126665.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126865.asp Schnauzer Comedone Syndrome is a skin disorder frequently inherited by the miniature Schnauzer. It causes the formation of several "comedones" along the back of the dog, at any position up and down the spinal ridge. These comedones are simply just hair follicles that are blocked by an excess of skin oils and keratin, not much different from the blackheads that a human might suffer from. Not much is known about what factors contribute to the inheritance of this disease, but it is known to be hereditary, and it only seems to affect the miniature Schnauzer. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126865.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126965.asp The Scottish Terrier is widely regarded as one of the most noble breeds of dog. The "Diehard", as they're known, are renowned for their courage and ferocity in spite of their small size, as well as the strong degree of loyalty that they possess for the the humans to whom they become bonded. This degree of nobility, however, does not come without its price. The Scottish Terrier has the distinction of having a disease named after it in particular, for among all dogs, only the Scottie is said to suffer from it. This disease is known as the Scottie Cramp. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102126965.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127065.asp The sebaceous glands are glands in the skin that are responsible for producing sebum, a fatty lubricating oil that prevents skin from becoming dried out and brittle. In dogs with the disease known as sebaceous adenitis, however, these glands suddenly become severely inflammed and shortly thereafter are destroyed for reasons that still are not well understood. After the gland is destroyed, no sebum can be produced, and the result is incredibly dry and brittle skin that is prone to cracking and scaling. Sebaceous adenitis is usually first observed in young adult dogs. Akitas, Samoyed, and Poodles seem to be affected the most. The disease can first be identified by the observation of dry scaly skin along the head, top and back, accompanied by severe hair loss. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127065.asp> Thu, 2 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127265.asp Seborrhea is an inherited disorder which affects the outer layer of skin in a dog. The skin's sebaceuous glands (which produce a fatty substance called sebum) and hair follicles are much more productive than is normally the case. The result is that skin can become both dry and greasy at the same time, producing both a hard, scaly texture and a loathsome oily ichor that coats the entire body of the dog. Seborrhea usually manifests by the time of a dog's first birthday and the first outbreak of the disease is usually quite memorable to owners who are unfamiliar with the rancid odor that the abundant grease can produce. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127265.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127465.asp The French Bulldog has many positive characteristics that make them a favorite breed of dog for Frenchie fanciers; adaptability to the great outdoors, however, is not one of them. Due to some characteristic physical and genetic traits, French Bulldogs require an extra level of care in some climates and conditions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127465.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127565.asp As in humans, canine seizures are defined by a repeated, involuntary behavior or movement with an unapparent stimulus. They are typically broken down into three different classifications that are treated and handled differently. Generalized, or grand mal seizures are by far the most common type. Grand mal seizures usually involve the entire body and are typified by the often seen cyclical stiffening and contracting of the muscles, over and over again, alternately. The victim of a grand mal seizure usually loses consciousness. Partial seizures are those seizures which originate from a very specific area of the brain and as such manifest only in a very specific area of the body. A twitching limb or spasming eyes might be a sign of partial seizures. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127665.asp French Bulldogs are proven as excellent house companions for those looking for a more calm and manageable pet. French bulldogs do require an added level of commitment on the part of owners, though, as they are a dog breed that has specific health and maintenance needs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127665.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127865.asp Separation anxiety is a neurological problem that manifests as a psychological response when your dog is separated from the people to whom he or she has become attached. It also seems to manifest when your dog suspects a high probability of punishment for some action that he or she has committed. Far from being a simple behavioral problem, your animal is suffering from a legitimate medical condition and requires specific treatment if improvement is to be expected. Separation anxiety is most often seen in younger dogs, and particularly those who grew up around a large number of people and other animals, such as those who are adopted from animal shelters. In certain cases, animals that begins to lose their sensory perception such as hearing or sight can become so dependent upon their human owners that they suffer separation anxiety when parted from them for even a brief period of time. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102127865.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102128065.asp Dachshunds and Basset Hounds may look cute as they scurry around on their short legs, but the familiar shape of these short-legged breeds is actually due to a congenital defect that results in a form of dwarfism. Specifically these animals have achondroplasia, an improper development of the cartilage at the end of the animal's long bones. It's a defect that can occur in any breed of dog, and is always present in certain breeds like the two mentioned above. Achondroplasia is one of several types of chondodystrophies, in which the cartilage does not develop properly in the womb, distorting the animal's bones. A dominant genetic defect, achondroplasia appears in about one out of every 10,000 births, and can usually be diagnosed at birth, since the deformities are easily visible. Any dog with the defective gene will be affected, and if the dog is bred, its offspring have a 50 percent chance of being achondroplasic. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102128065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102128065.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102129065.asp Many dog owners don't understand the importance of feeding their dog good quality dog food. While it's true that many years ago, there were not as many choices to choose from, as there are now, the foods also didn't have as many chemical preservatives and additives as they now have. In addition, many people fed their dog leftovers. Their feelings were that if it was good enough for them, it's good enough for the dog. There has been much controversy in recent years about leftovers, some for it, but most against it. The main reason most are against it is that the dog is not always getting all the food groups he requires. If the dog was fed at the same time as we are, he would probably get a little of this and a little of that. However, since he is only getting what we do not eat, he may not be getting everything he needs. Here is where the dog food comes in for the Saluki. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102129065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102129065.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102134665.asp All dogs have health problems, whether hereditary or acquired. Compared to other breeds, the Norwegian Buhund is considered a naturally healthy breed. Because it is a hardy breed with good resistance against diseases, it does not get ill as often as other dogs. One of the basic measures to ensure the health of your Norwegian Buhund is regular checkups at the vet. You should bring your dog for vaccination and health tests once a year. A Buhund is prone to ear and eye infection, but if you check its eyes and ears regularly, such illnesses can be easily taken care of. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102134665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102134665.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136165.asp If you are planning to get a Norwegian Buhund, it is best that you try to get one that is of quality stock. Dogs of the same breed can differ from one another in terms of quality, and to ensure that you find a Buhund that is healthy and pure in lineage, you have to find the right breeder. You may not be able to find many Norwegian Buhund breeders because this breed of dog is not very popular among dog lovers around the world. However, there are quite a number of Buhund enthusiasts in Europe as well as America. If you are living in these continents, you should be able to find good Norwegian Buhund breeders in your locality. You can even ask the vet or the pet store if they know of any reliable breeders of the Buhund, or you can even go to a Norwegian Buhund club to do some research. Once you have information about the breeders in your area, you can start to find out which of them supply quality Buhunds. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136165.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136465.asp It's unfortunate that many breeds of dogs suffer from a variety of genetic problems due to the poor decisions of some uninformed or careless breeders. Before bringing home a canine addition to your family, you should do some research into how healthy the breed is; if not, you may be in for a surprisingly large number of visits to the vet and some serious heartbreak. The Redbone Coonhound, fortunately, is an extremely healthy breed, which suffers only rarely from less than a handful of genetic issues. Besides hip dysplasia, common in many dogs, the Redbone tends to suffer from two main eye problems: entropion and progressive retinal atrophy, also known as PRA. Entropion is an eye problem that occurs in many breeds of dogs, including Redbones, though is not as common in Redbones as it is in breeds such as Bloodhounds or Mastiffs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136465.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136765.asp Besides hip dysplasia and eye problems, Redbone Coonhounds, like all coonhounds, also have a tendency to suffer from obesity. They are active dogs, needing a good amount of exercise, but they all too easily will adjust to a sedentary lifestyle if their owner does not provide them with activities to vent their energy; if deprived of exercise, they will also develop behavior problems. Also like many hounds, the Redbone has a tendency of overeating if given half the chance and these factors contribute to somewhat of a predisposition for gaining weight in the breed. This may not seem like a life-threatening disease, or as painful as something like entropion (inward turning of the eyelid), but obesity in dogs, as in humans, is not to be taken lightly. Obesity can lead to a variety of medical complications and can even contribute to shortening your dog's life, so measures must be taken to prevent your dog from becoming obese or getting him back to his proper weight. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102136765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102137965.asp The Irish Water Spaniel has a very distinctive look. Its tightly curled coat, its mop head and its naked looking tail makes it resemble a mismatch of different dog breed parts. However, that conspicuous coat is also quite attractive to dog lovers who cannot tolerate fur shedding because they are prone to suffer from allergic reactions. The Irish Water Spaniel’s coat does not have the tendency to shed. This means that despite its rich body hair, it does not cause pet allergy. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102137965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102137965.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138165.asp The Norfolk terrier and its close relative, the Norwich terrier, while tending to be relatively worry free in the health department, are especially prone to dental problems, more specifically, terrier owners and especially Norfolk lovers, are advised to watch out in particular for incorrect bite patterns. Terriers in particular are so inclined to this problem, in fact, that some people even misunderstand severe under bites to be one of the dog's identifying traits (to be fair, this is, sadly, arguably true, given the huge number of terrier house pets whose misinformed owners neglected the problem in the dog's early stages of development). While the severity of the problem with individual dogs is, luckily, rarely debilitating in any way and sometimes fairly inconsequential, any terrier owner or potential terrier owner, especially of the Norfolk persuasion, are advised not to take any chances, because the risk of the problem developing and growing out of hand is very real. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138465.asp Irish Water Spaniels are often considered a rare breed of dog. The truth is, this breed is actually thriving, but it is not meeting up to breed standards or conformation, and thereby making many dogs from this breed "undesirable". Hence, it is more accurate to say that "desirable" Irish Water Spaniels are rare. Irresponsible breeding is the main culprit for the Irish Water Spaniel's apparent decline in desirability and popularity. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138465.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138965.asp So you've made your mind up and you're definitely adopting a Norfolk terrier, no bones about it. If you've done all your research on the dog's personal history, the dog's pedigree, the breed's characteristics, if you trust the person selling you the dog and have determined that your home is perfect for a Norfolk terrier, then the following should hopefully serve as a quick last minute checklist, a reminder of things to watch out for and keep in mind. The Norfolk terrier is prone to a few health problems. Particularly heart diseases and hip dysplasia and especially prone to incorrect bite patterns. Any potential Norfolk terrier owner should be advised that their dog will need to be given regular checkups and attention to the end of early detection of common diseases and disorders. While the breed does tend to be relatively resistant to health concerns when compared to many other breeds, the Norfolk owner should nonetheless take the proper precautions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102138965.asp> Tue, 2 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102141865.asp Eye care for your miniature poodle is very important. It is your job as a responsible pet owner to check your dog's eyes daily, keep them clean and free of debris, and seek medical attention for your poodle if you suspect there is a problem. Miniature poodles, like all dogs, are unable to clean their eyes themselves. Rubbing their faces against furniture, carpeting, or other objects is ineffective. Some dogs use their paws to try to remove gunk or buildup from their eyes but this is unsafe and not effective. If you find that your miniature poodle has excessive tearing, the first thing you should do is take him to your veterinarian to have his eyes checked to rule out any type of medical problem. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102141865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102141865.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102142765.asp Miniature bull terriers are wonderful small dogs that are full of energy, playful, love people and older children, but are sometimes a little stubborn and willful. They can be stubborn and are not always good with other animals so early socialization and obedience training is extremely important. Miniature bull terrier’s have glossy, fine, short coats that does not require a lot of grooming. Some dogs, just like humans, are prone to skin rashes, skin allergies, and other skin diseases that are often painful, unsightly, and very uncomfortable for your pet. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102142765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102142765.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102145465.asp Malamutes and Huskies are two very hardy breeds of dogs that have been developed to withstand horrifically cold temperatures and work in the most inhospitable climates and conditions. These wonderful dogs, though healthy and hardy, can have one major health problem and that is an inability to absorb and use the zinc in their diets. Some of the giant breeds such as the Great Dane may also have inherited problems in absorbing zinc, leading to long term zinc deficiencies that do not respond to typical feeding routines. Zinc deficiency can also occur in dogs that are not fed enough meat in their diet or are fed a mostly vegetarian diet. In some cheap types of foods the zinc may be bound in unusable forms to the dog and therefore is just the same as not having it in the diet at all. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102145465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102145465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102145765.asp Beagles are relatively hardy dogs, but they are prone to certain health problems, some of which involve their eyes. Besides glaucoma and Progressive Retinal Atrophy, present in many species of dogs, Beagles also suffer from cherry eye and a condition called distichiasis. Fortunately, neither of these conditions is as serious as Retinal Atrophy and in the overwhelming majority of cases both can be corrected by surgery and neither lead to permanent blindness. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102145765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102145765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146065.asp As mentioned before, Beagles are relatively healthy dogs, though they do suffer from a few genetic problems, some of which can be serious. One of these serious problems is incorrectly labeled "dwarfism", though the term is widely used. The medical term for the condition is osteochondrodysplasia, chondrodysplasia or chondrodystrophy and it is actually a series of problems involving the cartilage and bones, most often of the feet and legs, though the spine may become involved as well. Indeed, the term "osteo" means bone, the term "chondro" refers to cartilage and the term "dysplasia" involves abnormal development. The disorder is genetic in nature and there is no cure. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146165.asp One of the characteristics that makes the Beagle, and many other hound breeds for that matter, so appealing are those long, floppy ears. Combine them with that soulful expression and you have a weapon of mass cuteness almost unparalleled in the natural world. Those long, floppy ears were not merely created for their cuteness factor, however. Indeed, you'll notice that almost all scent hounds, like Beagles, have those long floppy ears; these ears are perfect for stirring up odor molecules that make up a scent trail, trapping those molecules and getting them to that incredibly sensitive nose. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146165.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146265.asp There are many different causes of urinary tract problems in dogs, both male and female. Some are caused by painful and irritating bladder and kidney infections and problems while others are caused by disease or even medications reacting on the urinary tract. The good news is that most urinary tract problems in dogs can be treated with a bit of management and common sense, as well as careful monitoring and regular vet check ups if you have any concerns. The first and most important point to consider is that excessive urination is a sign of many different types of problems ranging from distemper to diabetes and even to marking behaviors that are hormonally driven. Since true urinary tract problems are not behavioral but are either caused by a disease, injury or congenital problem the hormonal problems with urination will not be discussed in this article. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146265.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146565.asp Many dog owners tend to be quite worrisome when it comes to their canine pet; they look for any signs of pain and/or distress, as they are aware of the fact that their dogs cannot speak for themselves to communicate any problems. One of the behaviors that never fails to terrify dog owners, especially the first time they witness it, is the "reverse sneeze." While the majority of dog breeds has an occasional bout of reverse sneezing, breeds with short noses, also called Brachycephalic breeds, seem to be especially prone to this behavior; Boston Terriers are among the Brachycephalic breeds and they are among the breeds that most commonly exhibit reverse sneezing. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146565.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146665.asp Ununited anconeal process is a form of elbow dysplasia that is inherited. This condition is present at birth and can range in severity from mild and relatively unnoticeable to a severe impairment in the dog's ability to move. In some cases ununited anconeal process is very painful on an ongoing basis for the puppy or dog, while in others the pain seems minimal and may only flare up if the dog is exercised more than usually or has been relaxed for a long period of time and then suddenly gets up to move. Ununited anconeal process is inherited by a polygenetic factor, which means that more than one gene combination causes the condition. This complicates the ability to simply breed out the condition within a line or breed since there are many different genes that could be involved. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146665.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146765.asp Tooth loss is much more serious in dogs that many owners understand. Loss of the ability to correctly masticate or chew food can result in digestive problems and even further tooth loss as food sticks or collects in the pockets left by the missing teeth, increasing tarter build-up and leading to increased problems with gingivitis and gum disease. As dog's mature and reach their senior years they are more prone to tooth loss. In some breeds such as the Chinese Crested, Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Shih Tzu and the Italian Greyhound tooth loss is a definite concern for owners. Tooth loss in small and miniature breeds, especially in those designated as teacup or toy is often one of the biggest factors that owners will have to deal with as the dog matures. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146865.asp As with many Brachycephalic (short-nosed) breeds with prominent eyes, the Boston Terrier unfortunately suffers from a number of eye problems. Some are less severe than others, though all require prompt veterinary attention. If you are considering the addition of a Boston Terrier to your family, you must be willing to devote time to regularly checking the health of your dog’s eyes and bringing him or her for regular visits to the vet. Some of the more common eye conditions that can develop in Boston Terriers are cataracts and corneal ulcers, the latter usually in conjunction with corneal dystrophy. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146865.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146965.asp Many people find Boston Terriers to be extremely attractive thanks to their bulging eyes and pushed in face; indeed, many proud Boston Terrier owners claim that the dog’s characteristic face was what initially sparked their love affair with the breed. While some people may find the Boston Terrier’s features appealing, there are some inherent health problems, mainly respiratory in nature, that go along with that shortened snout. The series of issues associated with that pushed in nose are grouped together under the heading Brachycephalic syndrome; these dogs are called brachycephalic dogs, where “brachy” means “short” and “cephalic” means “head.” http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102146965.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147465.asp Deafness in dogs is not such a rare occurrence and the condition occurs in some breeds more often than others. Boston Terriers are one of the breeds that suffers from congenital deafness, or deafness present at birth. Exactly what causes congenital deafness is not yet entirely known, though most experts agree that it has something to do with pigment genes; these are genes responsible for giving color to the hair cells and the eye cells of an animal. Certain color genes are associated with blindness. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147565.asp Many dog owners get so involved with a particular type of dog that they then start considering the idea of breeding that dog. Dog breeding carries great responsibility and should not be done unless an owner really thinks that his or her dog can significantly contribute to the gene pool of the breed. The dogs to be used in the breeding should have a variety of medical tests done to confirm their health and they should have the best possible temperament for their breed. All too often, uneducated individuals get into breeding simply thinking that it’s a get rich quick scheme, especially when it comes to certain breeds of dogs that fetch a high price. Breeding is not an easy way to make money and with many breeds, money is sometimes lost. Indeed, this is the case with the Boston Terrier. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147565.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147665.asp Dogs that are diagnosed with a condition known as thrombocytopenia will have problems with both bleeding and bruising due to a low number of platelets in the blood, which will prevent the blood from clotting. This condition can be fatal, especially if the dog is seriously injured and has internal or external bleeding that cannot be stopped. In addition if the dog's platelet count drops below a certain level they can start spontaneously bleeding internally which is almost always a fatal condition. There are two different types of thrombocytopenia. The first type is called immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and is hereditary in nature. The breeds most commonly seen with this inherited condition include Poodles, American Cocker Spaniels and Old English Sheepdogs. It is much more prevalent in females, which is one of the key factors in determining that it is a sex-linked genetic condition. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147665.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147965.asp There are many breeds that are prone to excessive tear production just as some breeds are more prone to dry eye conditions and lack of tear production. Either condition can be a direct result of injury, genetic conditions or infections to the eyes that are inhibiting or stimulating the tear gland functioning. In cases where excessive tearing is noted there are usually both genetic and health factors at work. In breeds such as the Maltese, Miniature Poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, Shar Pei, Pomeranian and American Cocker Spaniel excessive tear formation, also known as epiphora, is very common. In white and light colored dogs the result may be a reddish stain down the muzzle from the eyes, typically known as red yeast stain. In darker colored the dogs the tear stain may be much less noticeable, but there may be a slightly yeasty or dank smell about the head of the dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102147965.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102148665.asp There are many different diseases that canines and humans can both suffer from and syringomyelia is one such condition. It is believed that in one breed, namely the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, this condition is inherited and can be caused by a Chiari malformation at the base of the spine and the skull. The condition is named after Arnold Chiari, the first human diagnosed with the condition. The cause of syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels is always from the development of fluid filled compartments or sacs along the spinal column. These fluid sacs prevent the normal movement of fluids through the spinal column resulting in extreme pain in movement below where the fluid sac, more correctly known as the syrinx, is located. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102148665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102148665.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149165.asp Catahoula Leopard dogs are one of those lucky breeds that come in a wide variety of colors and patterns, from solid to the merle pattern, which resembles the leopard pattern and gives the dog its name. There were three lines of Catahoula dogs being bred by different breeders for many years of varying size and color, and the crossing of these three lines is what gave today’s Catahoula the wide variety of colors and patterns. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the best known feature of the Catahoula Leopard dog – its coat. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149165.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149265.asp Swollen hock syndrome is most common in the Shar Pei breed and goes by many different names, depending on where you are and what the local breeders are referring to the condition as. In some areas it is called Familial Shar Pei Fever, Hock Fever or Systemic Amyloidosis. Not a true fever as such, swollen hock syndrome is caused by an inability of the body, namely the kidneys and liver, to correctly break down and remove amyloidal proteins from the body. These amyloids can collect in the joints, bones and muscles resulting in the swelling and tenderness in the legs, muzzle and other muscles of the body. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149265.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149365.asp Whippets, like other members of the Sighthound group of breeds, have traditionally had problems undergoing anesthesia for surgery. Thanks to advances in veterinary science, most veterinarians are aware of the special needs of these dogs when administering anesthesia and there are fewer problems today than in the past. That being said, every responsible Whippet owner should be aware of the dangers of anesthesia in Sighthounds in case there is a chance of having to undergo surgery during the dog's lifetime. In this article, we'll take a look at why Whippets need special care when being administered anesthesia and what you can do to make sure your dog will be safe if it has to undergo surgery. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149365.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149465.asp Whippets, like other members of the Sighthound group of breeds, have traditionally had problems undergoing anesthesia for surgery. Thanks to advances in veterinary science, most veterinarians are aware of the special needs of these dogs when administering anesthesia and there are fewer problems today than in the past. That being said, every responsible Whippet owner should be aware of the dangers of anesthesia in Sighthounds in case there is a chance of having to undergo surgery during the dog's lifetime. In this article, we'll take a look at why Whippets need special care when being administered anesthesia and what you can do to make sure your dog will be safe if it has to undergo surgery. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102149465.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150065.asp The medical term for pinched nostrils is stenotic nares and it is a common problem in many of the brachycephalic or pug-nosed dogs. These breeds seem to have a huge list of respiratory problems that can develop over time due to their short head formation and the compact nature of the respiratory system. Stenotic nares in themselves may not be problematic for the dog unless there are other complications that make breathing difficult for the pet. The most common breeds affected by stenotic nares include Pugs, Boston Terriers, Pekingese, English Bulldogs, Boxers and Shih Tzus. These dogs are born with cartilage malformations in the nose that limit or restrict the opening of the nostril, slightly to greatly reducing the airflow through the nose. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150365.asp The worst genetic flaw that is associated with Catahoula Leopard dogs is deafness. This inherited flaw can range from deafness in one ear to totally deaf in addition to other health flaws such as blindness. For fanciers of the breed, there is a constant battle between those that believe that this flaw must be forcibly culled from the breeding program while others believe that there is no harm in allowing the trait to continue. In this article, we’ll take a look at how deafness in Catahoula Leopard dogs can happen and what interested buyers can do to avoid purchasing a deaf dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150365.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150565.asp One of the only known dogs to have a condition known as stationary night blindness, the Briard dog of Sweden is now in the cutting edge of DNA testing to determine a specific test to clearly identify carriers, affected dogs and non-affected dogs. Stationary night blindness is characterized by various degrees of blindness in the Briard dogs that may become progressively more pronounced as the dog matures or may remain relatively constant. This variation can go from slight loss of vision in shadows or dark areas to almost complete blindness even in full light. Since the dog's will have temperament changes when they start to loose their vision this is often the first indication that there is something wrong with the dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102150565.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151165.asp Skin infections in dogs, known as pyoderma, are usually caused by a type of normal skin bacteria known as staphylococcus intermedius. This bacteria is always present on the skin and the mucous membranes but in some cases it becomes rampant on the skin and leads to severe infections. Often these conditions include an immune related disease in the dog, malnutrition, injury or trauma or other change in the dog's environment or diet that causes the dog to become stressed. There are several different types of pyoderma that can be found on a dog. They are categorized by the level of tissues they involve and range from the surface infections known as surface pyodermas to the very deep infections that can be caused by excessive scratching and biting of the infected area. They are also determined to be primary, or the cause of the infection, or secondary, the result of some other condition or wound that then allowed the bacteria access to the dog's skin. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151165.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151465.asp As with most types of medical symptoms or conditions there is always more than one possible cause for spinal paralysis in dogs. Understanding what caused the paralysis in the first place is essential in being able to successfully diagnose, treat and even limit the progression of the paralysis. Since there are so many different possible causes of spinal paralysis understanding what the causes are for your breed of dog is important. In the long, low to the ground breeds with stubby legs and longer backs such as Dachshunds and Basset Hounds spinal paralysis is often caused by intervertebral disc disease that is caused by the rupturing of the discs putting pressure on the spinal cord and resulting in paralysis. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151465.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151665.asp One of the most frustrating issues with treating dogs with skin allergies is trying to determine exactly what is the source of the irritation, known as the allergen. For many dogs it is fleas, well not exactly the fleas themselves but the saliva they secrete as they bite and feed off the dog. There are many different allergens in flea saliva and these are considered to be some of the most problematic conditions for dogs as they are so concentrated even a single bite can cause irritation across a large part of the dog's skin. Food allergies are also very problematic for many dogs. Often these allergies are to gluten or wheat products in the food but they can also be from corn, preservatives and even flavorings and colorings used in the food. Since most commercially produced dog foods have the same ingredients, owners may need to go to a BARF or bones and raw foods or other natural type diet to eliminate the problematic ingredients from the dog's food. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102151665.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152165.asp One of the most common diseases or conditions found in adult dogs is diabetes mellitus. It is caused when the endocrine system, most specifically the pancreas, does not produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugar in the body. This leads to "highs" and "lows" in blood sugar, both which can be life threatening if they are too high or too low. Thankfully diabetes is a relatively common (about 1 in 500 dogs will be diagnosed with the disease) and easy to diagnose condition in dogs that is usually very easy to manage, although it is not curable. Since the conditions that are problematic in diabetes are the sugar highs and lows in the blood, insulin can be used to maintain the blood sugar at a constant level throughout the day. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152165.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152365.asp The skin and muscle wasting condition known as dermatomyositis is most common in the collie and shepherd breeds including the Shetland Sheepdog, Smooth and Rough Collies, German Shepherds, Australian Cattle Dog, Chow Chows and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi. The exact mode of inheritance of the condition is not completely understood but it is believed to be a dominant variable condition which means that as long as one of the parents has the disorder the puppies may show the condition. Each puppy in the litter may have the condition in various degrees from serious hair loss and muscle weakness to no obvious signs of the condition. Since there is this variation between the expression of the condition within a litter there may be other factors such as the overall health of the puppy as well as the development of the immune system that play a big part in how serious or how mild the condition develops in individual dogs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152365.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152865.asp One of the more catastrophic ailments that can affect your large-breed dog is a condition known as Wobbler Syndrome, or clinically as cervical vertebral instability. This syndrome occurs when the spinal cord is compressed in the cervical (neck) area. This compression, or pinching, happens because the vertebra through which the cord passes is malformed or misaligned. The compression injures the part of the spinal cord that's necessary for an animal to stand and/or move normally. What causes these deformities in the vertebrae isn't yet known, but it is believed to be related to both genetics and nutrition. In some young dogs, Wobbler can develop if the animal is fed a diet excessively high in protein, calcium and phosphorus, in an attempt to accelerate the growth process. This is believed to cause the skeletal changes that occur in some affected dogs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102152865.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102153265.asp There are many types of heart disease that can affect your dog, and one of the more serious of these is a condition known as cardiomyopathy. There are several types of this fatal disease, and they are a major cause of irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), congestive heart failure and sudden death. The two most common include a condition known as arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and a second known as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM. In many cases, the dog will develop ACM first, and then the condition will develop into DCM. The term cardiomyopathy literally translates to "sick heart muscle." It occurs when the walls of the heart muscle become thin, weak and unable to contract properly. The left side of the heart is normally affected the most, but both sides can become enlarged. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102153265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102153265.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102153865.asp Despite the rather ominous sounding name, white shaker dog syndrome is not fatal and is very rarely a serious problem for most dogs that develop the condition and are treated. As can be assumed from the name is it most commonly found in white dogs such as the Maltese, Bichon Frise, Poodle, and the West Highland White Terrier. It has also been noted in breeds that are not white in color such as the Yorkshire Terrier and the Beagle. Some all white breeds of dogs that are medium to large in size do not exhibit the condition; rather it seems to be more specific to the smaller breeds of dogs. White shaker dog syndrome is usually first noted in a puppy and young dog between the ages of six months and three years. The dogs will usually start with a slight tremor that will either stay mild in nature or become more pronounced for a period of about three to four days. Once it has reached this stage the tremor will typically stay at that intensity unless it is treated. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102153865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102153865.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102154265.asp It is always an exciting time to get a new puppy or dog, unfortunately many new owners don't consider all the possible health issues that may be associated with different breeds. In some of the medium to large breeds such as the Golden Retriever, Bullmastiff, Rottweiler, Boxer and Newfoundland the condition is considered the leading cause of heart conditions within the breed. Sub-aortic stenosis is a congenital and inherited condition, which means that it is passed on through the parents and is present when the puppy is born. What the condition actually consists of is a narrowing of the opening between the heart's left ventricle and the aorta, the major blood vessel carrying blood that is rich in oxygen to the rest of the body. The narrowing is actually caused by a thickening or the walls or a ring of scar tissue that is formed inside the aorta just at the ventricle, which will decrease the volume of blood that can be carried out of the heart to the body. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102154265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102154265.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102154665.asp A very painful condition of the skin, spiculosis occurs most commonly in adult Kerry Blue Terriers, and is more generally seen in males but may also be present in females during their adult years. These spicules are very dense and hard strands of hair that are very thick and spiky in both texture and size. Not all Kerry Blue Terriers will develop the condition, it is much more prevalent in some lines than others so be sure to ask about the condition before selecting a kennel or breeding line. The spiculosis condition is also known as rose thorns or bristles and may also be noted in Kerry Blue mixed dogs but is very rarely seen in any other breed. While the most common location for these hard, spiky hairs is on the elbows and the hocks of the legs, they can also be found on the face, neck, body and tail, virtually anywhere on the dog's body. Typically Kerry Blue Terriers with a very stiff coat are more prone to the condition and those that have the breed standard "soft, dense and wavy" coat are less likely to develop the condition. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102154665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102154665.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102155065.asp Much like other large breeds, hip dysplasia is a disorder that can affect the ball and socket joint of the hind legs in some Chinese Foos. Mostly seen in the larger sized dogs of the breed, hip dysplasia in usually an inherited disorder that is passed on from generation to generation. It can also appear in dogs that grow too quickly or do not have managed meals. In this article, we’ll take a look at what hip dysplasia is, how it can be treated and how you can prevent it from developing in your Chinese Foo. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102155065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102155065.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102155965.asp Basically what we are talking about here is a very itchy cat. Cats can become itchy from a variety of causes and veterinarians tell us that allergies are the most common problem affecting small animals in general. However, hormonal skin problems are common to dogs but rare in cats. Detection of Hormonal Skin Diseases Pruritus is the medical term for itchiness and is not hard to spot because your cat will scratch and even damage its skin. The causes of Pruritus are said to be from over grooming, but really there can be a host of reasons for causing this hormonal skin disease. In severe causes you cat may actually lose or pull out its own hair in order to get relief. Miliary Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin characterized by crusts that appear all over the body, most of the time it occurs from greasy, oily, or fur that contains dandruff. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102155965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102155965.asp> Tue, 9 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102158765.asp Your hope is that your Skye Terrier will be with you and your family for many years. In order to achieve this goal there are certain steps that can be taken to insure that your Skye is as healthy as possible for as long as possible. For best results, begin your care for your Skye before you select your Skye and bring her home. It's All in the Genes Genetics are often an excellent indicator of life expectancy, susceptibility and predispositions for certain breed traits, and other indicators of overall health and well-being. Make sure the breeder you are working with has and provides a full history of heritage for your Skye as well as any medical issues that might affect your Skye. Prevention is the best cure but diligent care and concern for certain conditions can lead to early discovery and treatment if there is a history within the bloodline. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102158765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102158765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102159165.asp Curly Coated Retrievers are well known for their distinctive, tightly curled coats. But sometimes Curlies can suffer from hair loss, for a variety of reasons. While some bitches might experience some hair loss just before and after whelping, others can suffer from pattern baldness, which can be temporary or permanent. In this article, we’ll take a look at hair loss and the Curly Coated Retriever, what it means and what can be done. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102159165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102159165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102159365.asp Curly Coated Retrievers are well known for their distinctive, tightly curled coats. But sometimes Curlies can suffer from hair loss, for a variety of reasons. While some bitches might experience some hair loss just before and after whelping, others can suffer from pattern baldness, which can be temporary or permanent. In this article, we’ll take a look at hair loss and the Curly Coated Retriever, what it means and what can be done. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102159365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102159365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161065.asp A greyhound isn’t prone to hereditary skin problems, but the natural structure of its coat can make it sensitive to different chemicals and environments. A greyhound has a very shorthaired coat and they don’t really shed. The skin itself doesn’t produce oil, like other dogs, and so the greyhound doesn’t suffer from doggie smelliness either. This makes them a low maintenance dog, but sometimes overzealous owners who are not aware of their low care guidelines may bathe them too frequently and irritate the skin that way too. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161365.asp While larger dogs often suffer from shorter lifespan, the greyhound is different. It can live from up to 12 to 14 years. Since race dogs are between two and six years of age, you can adopt an ex-racer and still get many good years from the dog. There are still some lifespan issues that come with owning a greyhound, but for the most part they are a very healthy and long-lived breed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161365.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161465.asp Immune medicated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is the new name for Auto Immune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) a condition where the feline autoimmune system attacks red blood cells. The Immune System treats the red blood cells as foreign bodies; sending out antibodies which coat the red blood cells with a protein substance to single them out of the blood circulation pool for destruction. This process is called extravascular hemolysis. At the same time, the bilirubin (iron) that is extracted from these marked blood cells are sent to the liver. When this process occurs, the liver and spleen begin having problems. The spleen is overworked by having to process damaged red blood cells and enlarges as result. The liver is overloaded with bilirubin causing jaundice. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161465.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161965.asp Feline Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscle. There are three forms of Cardiomyopathy. In Restrictive cardiomyopathy the heart fails to adequately pump blood due to scar tissue found on the heart muscle. In Hypertonic cardiomyopathy the hearts does not pump blood properly due to a thickening of the heart walls. In Dilated cardiomyopathy the walls of the heart swell to such an extent that the heart becomes enlarged and changes shape; it takes on a rounded shape, while the walls of the heart are severely are weakened because of it. In all three forms, cats will suffer from improper oxygen distribution and eventually this disease will lead to death by heart attack. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102161965.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102162565.asp Endocardial fibroelastosis is a congenital heart disease. The disease is inherited and many kittens die shortly after birth. The heart has three layers of protective covering; the endocardium or outer most covering, myocardium or middle covering, and the pericardium or inner most (deepest) layer of the heart. The endocardium is a smooth layer which allows blood to flow effortlessly and is comprised of epithelial cells. This layer is a protect sac for the heart chambers and valves. The function of this protective layering also includes releasing an endocrine hormone (endocardin) to assist in other heart functions particular to the myocardium. Endocardial fibroelastosis refers to the presence of a fibrous elastic type of abnormal thickening of the endocardium layer of the heart. Endocardial fibroelastosis a common heart disease in cats and is particularly prominent in Burmese and Siamese cats. It is also a disease that is under diagnosed. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102162565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102162565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102163265.asp The Lakeland terrier is a very healthy dog and not subject to any serious health problems. However, some of the Lakeland terriers do develop Legge Perthes disease. Legge Perthes disease is also referred to as Legg Perthes Disease, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease or PCPD. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102163265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102163265.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102163665.asp The heart is organ responsible for pumping blood and distributing oxygen to the body's tissues. The right side of the heart pumps out blood which travels to the lungs and becomes oxygenated while the left side receives blood (already having oxygen from the lungs) and pumps it back into the aorta chamber of the heart. The pumping chambers of the heart are called ventricles. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a disease where the heart muscle of the left ventricle thickens (hypertrophy). The interior of the left ventricle may get smaller and less blood can be accumulated because of it. If the ventricle walls stiffen and contract, they will impair the heart's ability to fill with blood. During the diastole (relaxation period), if the ventricle cannot sufficiently relax, a build up of blood will occur causing the backup in the blood vessels of the lungs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102163665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102163665.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102164365.asp Myelodysplasia is a group of blood disorders affecting the formation of blood cells in the body especially, but not exclusive to bone marrow. The medical term for blood cell formation is hematopoiesis and is also referred to as hemotogenesis or sanguification. You will come across many medical terms referring to myelodysplasia including preleukemia, myeloid leukemia, oligoleukemia, odoleukemia, refactory anemia, and more. Though blood formation is present, somehow the proper formation of blood is obstructed, by plaque (fatty buildup) tumors, and other obstructions. A condition called Erythremic myelosis occurs where the blood cells are immature and do not regenerate to produce more cells. Once this condition is present in cats, it will progress into acute leukemia within a matter of months. Feline Leukemia Feline leukemia a cancer of the white blood cells and is considered to be a viral disease, Feline Leukemia Virus (FelV) effects thousands of wild and domestic animals yearly. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102164365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102164365.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102164565.asp Nature provided cats a comfortable coat to wear in all seasons. In the winter the feral cat needed a warmer coat, but during the summer it was not necessary to have such a warm coat. As a result the cat naturally molts, or sheds its coat to fit the season. Even though most domestic cats do not have to worry about proper insulation to protect them from the outdoors, nature still demands that these cats shed their coats twice a year to prepare for the upcoming season. Besides having the proper coat to wear, a cat will groom or clean himself by licking his fur. His tongue becomes his washcloth, but at the same time his tongue will also accumulate and digest some loose hair. If you have ever felt a cat's tongue, you know that it feels like sandpaper. That is because the tongue is specially equipped for many functions and grooming is one of them. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102164565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102164565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165065.asp Many times when people choose to get a Manchester terrier, they are not quite sure of what any of the possible health problems are that they are prone to getting. However, one health problem that the Manchester terriers often have is glaucoma. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165065.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165165.asp When it comes to the health of their pets, many people are not sure of what diseases are hereditary and which ones are not. However, many of the hereditary diseases such as Legg-Perthes Disease do not occur that often. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165165.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165565.asp Sometimes we come across diseases that are breed specific and Ganliosidosis GMI and GM2 are two such diseases. This disease has now been associated with the Korat one of the oldest breeds of cat, originating from Thailand. It is ironic that the Tai name for Korat means good luck when these poor felines are affected by these two, Gangliosidosis GMI and GM2 genetic diseases. Gangliosidosis is one of the lysosomal storage diseases. These diseases are associated with the part of the cell that is responsible for breaking down and recycling vital chemicals needed for brain function and other important activities. There are over 40 diseases which surface in humans because of the malfunctioning lysosome enzymes. In Humans Gangliosidosis is the culprit in Tay Saks Disease. Siamese cats are also affected by this disorder as well as other animal species; dogs, cows and sheep. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165565.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165765.asp A heart murmur can be determined as a swishing sound heard by the veterinarian when examining a cat. The murmur occurs because of heart valve malfunctioning. A heart murmur isn't a disease in and of itself but does point to heart and other medical problems. Causes A heart value can be too thick or damaged and as a result it doesn't close properly. When this happens blood will escape from the value and spill into the surrounding areas. The swishing sound confirms that there is some kind of leakage going on at the time the value is closing (contracting). There are different classifications of heart murmurs depending on the turbulence (unsteady flow) and velocity, (speed of the blood flow). The classification simple heart murmur is due to value malfunctioning. The classification functional heart murmur is due to valve problems and extracardial (outside the heart) factors, which could be other medical conditions. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102165765.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102166365.asp Dirofilaria immitis is the medical term for the infection we all recognize as heartworm. The first cases of feline heartworm were reported in Brazil in 1921, since then it has been reported around the world. It is interesting to note that feline heartworm is reported more frequently in areas where dogs with heartworm are reported as well. However the number of reported feline cases remains lower than canine cases in these high-risk areas. Furthermore, the male cat is more susceptible to this disease than the female. Also the presenting symptoms and diagnostic approaches are different in dogs and cats reported to have contracted this disease. Heartworm is passed on to cats by infected mosquitoes that carry the L3 Larvae. When the larvae mature and become adults they develop into worms and these parasites attach to their host and live within the body. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102166365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102166365.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102166665.asp Veterinarians have long known that Abyssinian cats suffer from Kidney amyloidosis, which runs in families. Recently it has been discovered that amyloidosis also presents itself in the liver of Siamese cats. The liver is main organ responsible for the absorption and metabolizing of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and soluble foods. It also filters toxins and waste and it also stores vitamins and minerals. The liver performs its function by means of blood. The liver is an amazing organ that is said to effectuate more than a 1,000 different tasks. It continues to function even when it is damaged because each part of the liver performs the same duties. Therefore if one section is no longer functioning the other sections will compensate by working harder to perform its vital life sustaining tasks. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102166665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102166665.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102167265.asp One of the most common clinical disorders in cats is anemia. Anemia is a condition where there are reduced numbers of red bloods cells (erythrocytes) present in the hemoglobin. This condition is quite common in animals. There are many causes for anemia ranging from blood loss, intoxication, infections, immune system disorders, to organ failures all of which represent the key causes of anemia. There are also genetic blood disorders that can cause anemia as well. Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency is a less frequent but important cause of anemia effecting felines. This deficiency is also present in certain breeds of dogs such as dachshunds, beagles, eskimo dogs, basenjis and highland white terriers. Dogs will expire by the age of four because of contracting the disease, but cats live a normal life span and only periodically contract the disease throughout their lifespan. Unlike dogs they do not suffer from osteosclerosis, or organ failure. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102167265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102167265.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102167565.asp An amyloid which means amy (starch) and oid (resembling) is a protein fiber material that does not dissolve, this material is made up primarily of polysaccharids, which is a starch, celluloid and sugar bonds. Amyloids have a waxy clear looking appearance. Amyloidosis is the major factor in feline diabetes. Amyloidosis occurs when the proteins do not fold properly and therefore do not dissolve in the blood stream as they were meant to do. The accumulations of these protein fibers then accumulate in various organs of the body. When the organs enlarge known as the medical term used is megaly. When amyloidosis is present in the kidneys and the kidney enlarges because it is now impaired it is called renal megaly. It has been noted that dogs have a greater incident of amyliodosis than cats. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102167565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102167565.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168265.asp The traditional practice of prevention and good health in your cat has always included annual vaccinations and booster shots. However, can a cat have too many vaccinations? What happens to cats that are vaccine sensitive? There is no doubt that scientific evidence show the benefits an immunized cat has to ward off such diseases as Feline Leukemia, Parvo, Feline Distemper, and more. Remember the old adage, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." Of course you want to keep your cat healthy, free of disease, happy and in turn prolong his life. Vaccines save lives. There are fewer cases of Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper) among the feline population because of the wonders of vaccines. Nevertheless just as humans can be allergic to certain vaccines, so can felines. Vaccine sensitive cats can be allergic to any number of substances within a particular vaccine; antibodies, stabilizers and so forth. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168265.asp> Wed, 10 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168365.asp Vomiting in cats is a fairly common occurrence and can be caused from numerous reasons from the most benign to more serious medical conditions. Most cats will occasionally vomit and that should not cause reason for concern but if the cat continuously vomits it is always wise to consult a veterinarian. We all know that old adage, it is better to be safe than to be sorry. If your cat's eating patterns have changed and you notice lethargy or any type of behavioral change then it is better to have that checked out at once. Hairballs One of the most common reasons for vomiting is the expulsion of hairballs, which accumulate in the cat's gut. Cats clean themselves by licking their fur, some of this fur will shed and they ingest it. If this fur does not go through the proper digestive process down the digestive track and out through their stools, they will cough it up. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168865.asp What you feed your Otterhound, will directly affect his longevity and good health. Today there is much hype about canned dog food especially since the Purina pet care recall. Critics say that commercial pet foods are laced with chemicals and preservatives. A healthy diet will not only promote a longer life but will also curtail digestive problems. With a healthier diet you can expect to see good muscle tone, good eyesight and brighter eyes, high energy, strong bones, strong teeth and gums, good skin and coat, firmer and fewer bowel movements, offensive body odors, and of course less health problems and visits to the veterinarian. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102168865.asp> Thu, 11 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102169865.asp Silky Terriers, also known as Australian Silky Terriers, are relatively healthy dogs. Despite this fact, though, they are susceptible to a handful of genetic diseases, including something called tracheal collapse. Actually, most toy breeds suffer from tracheal collapse, much more than larger dogs do, though it is not unheard of to see tracheal collapse in larger breeds. This condition can be quite serious and must be treated by a qualified veterinarian. In some cases, a change in lifestyle and a regimen of medications may suffice to correct the condition, while in other, more serious cases, surgery may be necessary. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102169865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102169865.asp> Thu, 11 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102170565.asp Another disease from which Silky Terriers suffer is called Intervertebral disk disease. This disease can either come on suddenly or can slowly develop in dogs; smaller dogs are more frequently affected than larger dogs. In this disease, there is a degeneration of the disks of cartilage that are found between the vertebrae and this can cause damage to the spinal cord. Depending on the severity and the duration of the damage, the dog may be able to slowly recover or he may become partially paralyzed. The vertebral column is made up of a series of vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes; in order to prevent the individual vertebrae from rubbing against one another (which would wear down the bone and cause a great deal of pain), tough disks of a cartilaginous material are found between one vertebra and the next. These disks are made up of two different types of material; a soft, jelly-like material on the inside and a harder material on the outside. For reasons unknown, in Intervertebral disk disease, the jelly-like material begins to change consistency and becomes much stiffer. This stiff material puts pressure on and compresses the spinal cord; it could also erupt into the spinal canal. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102170565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102170565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171565.asp The American Staffordshire Terrier is not among the unhealthiest of breeds, but it does unfortunately suffer from some serious genetic conditions; some of these conditions were not recognized to affect the breed in a serious manner until recently. For example, more and more reports have been coming in of American Staffordshire Terriers (also called Amstaffs) suffering from a variety of problems classified under heart disease, specifically congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease, or CHD, is a heart condition that is present when the pup is born; it is different from Acquired Heart disease, which is a heart condition that develops later in a dog’s life. CHD is rare, but it can result in serious heart failure. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171565.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171665.asp Arthritis means joint inflammation, but the term is somewhat misleading because arthritis is much more than joint inflammation and cats do contract many forms of arthritis depending upon the breed and external factors. The particular forms of arthritis that cats suffer from are: Traumatic Arthritis (sprain) and Osteoarethritis, from there, there are several diseases that belong to one group or the other. Traumatic Arthritis as the name implies occurs when there is some sort of a trauma, (sprain) injury. In cats that could be the result of being hit by a moving vehicle, a cat fight, or bad fall. If the trauma is a result of a simple sprain chances are the pain will go away in no time and is really not that serious. However it the traumatic arthritis is more serious, resulting from being hit by a car or other serious accident, a fracture may occur in the joint and your cat may require surgery to repair the damage. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171665.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171965.asp As we know, the bone structure that is needed in the process of chewing food is the jaw. The entire vault of the mouth is referred to as the jaw. There is an upper and lower jaw. The Maxilla is the upper jaw and the mandible is the lower jaw. Certain dogs or cats have problems with the alignment of the jaws. If the upper jaw protrudes it is called an overshot in dental terms or an overbite in layman terms. If the lower jaw protrudes it is called and undershot or under bite. Persian cats are subject to teeth and jaw problems. Since Exotic Shorthairs have much of the same genotype as the Persian and Himalayan Cat, they too will suffer from same teeth and jaw problems. These cats can have crocked teeth, sometimes the baby teeth are crooked but the adult teeth will grow in normal which is straight. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102171965.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102172165.asp As mentioned previously, the American Staffordshire Terrier is a relatively healthy breed, though it is affected by some unpleasant disorders. One of the most serious disorders from which this breed suffers is called Hereditary Ataxia or Cerebellar Ataxia. This is a neurological disorder of a serious nature and as of yet there is no cure; it seems as if the gene governing the disorder is quite widespread in the breed and often avoiding the breeding of affected dogs is difficult due to the late onset of symptoms. Research to find out the exact mode of inheritance and to find some kind of treatment is ongoing and owners of dogs with the disease are encouraged to allow their dogs to participate in trials and studies. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102172165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102172165.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102172565.asp Ataxia is a disease where a feline's gait, which is the way it moves, walks, runs, jumps and so on, is severely uncoordinated and the animal appears to stumble, is clumsy, wobbly, and rather odd looking. The reasons for ataxia depend upon the disease it may have contracted. It is primary a neurological disorder resulting from problems in the brain or inner ear. But can have non neurological causes as well. Causes[h/] Some causes of ataxia are genetic and run in families, while others could be brought on because of a feline virus or infection, or simply by the cat's general life style. Weakness A feral cat that is found starving and dehydrated or is severely anemic can become very weak and this would be a cause of ataxia. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102172565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102172565.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102173265.asp The medical term for bladder infection is cystitis and refers to the inflammation of the urinary bladder. Bladder infection is also known as Feline Urologic Syndrome (FUS) and it comes under the rubric of a group of urinary problems known as Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FUTD). Bladder infections occur in both male and female cats. Causes Bladder infections can be a result of bacterial or viral infections such as Feline Herpes virus. Feline Urologic Syndrome (Fus) occurs in the bladder where tiny crystals form, irritate the area, and causes bloody urine. The crystals generate because of a heavy mineral content in the urine. Normally these minerals dissolve on their own but when they cannot they crystallize. The tiny crystals can enlarge into bladder stones. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102173265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102173265.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102173465.asp The number one problem in cats over the age of five are dental related. Many of these problems can be avoided with proper dental care. Like humans, cats have baby teeth first and then adult teeth afterward. They usually get their first set of teeth around two to four weeks of age. The mother cat will start to wean her kittens once they start biting which is roughly around four weeks of age. The adult set of teeth usually comes in around four to six months. A cat has thirty teeth in a full set of adult teeth, which include: pre-molars and molars, canines and incisors. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102173465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102173465.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102174365.asp Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is also known as Feline Aids, it affects 11 percent all domestic cats worldwide. It is also affects wild cats though they do not appear to show any symptoms. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is a lentivirus, (characterized by having a slow incubation period) and is also part of the retrovirus family, which includes Feline Leukemia. Causes Feline Immunodeficiency Virus evades the cat's immune system where it attacks several cell types of lymphocytes which are white blood cells responsible for aiding the immune system; CD4+ and CD8, T lymphocytes and B lympthocytes which produces antigens to ward off foreign bodies. It also attacks microphages, (cells that seek and destroy foreign toxins). Thus this virus destroys the very cells that protect the animal against foreign bodies and renders it susceptible to several kinds of invading viruses and bacteria from the environment. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102174365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102174365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102174565.asp No one likes to think about their pets getting sick, but it’s important that pet owners be aware of potential health problems that their animals might face so that they can deal with them in an effective manner should they occur. Boxer owners need to keep a close eye on their pets, as boxers tend to have a higher chance than some other breeds of developing potentially severe health problems such as certain types of cancer. Early detection of cancers can lead to effective treatment, which will result in your boxer being around for many years to come. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102174565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102174565.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102175465.asp Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a cornavirus affecting the upper respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. The most well known of these virus types, is the widely spread SARS virus which has attracted worldwide critical acclaim; since the disease has transferred over from animal to human. There are many cornavirus that affect cats and most are not that harmful. These virus strains all grow and attack the white blood cells after which the virus can travel through the entire body. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102175465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102175465.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102176165.asp The cartilage is an elastic type whitish yellowish connecting tissue that forms in several parts of the body including the larynx, the outer ear, and the joints. When cartilage hardens it becomes bone. Healthy cartilage requires: Water to keep the cartilage lubricated and nourished Proteoglycans which is a type of glycoprotein (sugar protein) to attract and hold water Collagen which is the main protein responsible for healthy connective tissue to hold these glycoproteins in place Chondrocytes which are the cells of the cartilage. They maintain cartilage by cleaning away old proteoglycans and collagen and producing new ones http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102176165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102176165.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102176865.asp Hip Dysplasia refers to a deformity of the hip joint, which leads to arthritis if left untreated. This condition is very painful. Up until recently it was only large breeds of dogs that were diagnosed with hip dysplasia. Veterinarians are now realizing that all breeds of cats can have the disease as well. The Devon Rex has been reported to have a 40% likelihood of contracting the disease. The prevalence in the Main Coon Cat, Persian, and Himalayan drops down to about 20 percent and domestic housecats less than 5 percent. Causes It is believed that larger breeds of cats will more often suffer from dysplasia than smaller cats. The reason for this is that the larger the bones the less protective cushioning of muscle and sinuous tissue surrounding them. Less protective cushioning leads to greater risk for hip displacement. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102176865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102176865.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102178265.asp Exotic shorthair is the breed of cats most associated with Keratosis Sequestrum. An exotic shorthair actually looks like a Persian with one big difference, it has short hair. An exotic shorthair has beautiful plush, thick, dense hair that gives that it a teddy bear look. They are bred to have all the features of a Persian but are much easier to groom. The Persian, Himalayan, Burmese and Siamese cat also contracts Keratosis Sequestrum. Causes The word Keratosis refers to the inflammation of the cornea. The cornea is the surface of the eye. It is a transparent protective covering for the iris, pupil, and outer chambers of the eye. The cornea can be considered the window in which a human or animal sees through. The cornea is a very powerful visual apparatus and is filled with many nerve cells. Thus when the cornea is inflamed, it will be very painful and vision will be impaired. The cornea in a feline is made up of four layers. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102178265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102178265.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102178565.asp Welsh Terriers are relatively healthy dogs, though they may be prone to allergic reactions; actually dogs in general tend to be highly susceptible to a variety of allergic reactions. And while people often get runny noses and watery eyes when suffering from allergies, dogs will develop skin problems. A dog suffering from allergies may display an unhealthy looking coat, either in texture or in length, he may obsessively scratch and chew at his itchy skin, or he may develop things called hot spots. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102178565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102178565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179065.asp The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is a relatively healthy breed, though as usual the breed is not without its typical health issues. These dogs suffer from a series of eye problems that, though not frequently recorded in the breed, do show up from time to time and can cause serious, lasting damage, depending on the severity of the condition. The Cardigan is prone to Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA), like many dogs, as well as lens luxation and retinal dysplasia. If you suspect any of these conditions, you should immediately take your dog to the veterinarian, who may suggest you see a veterinarian ophthalmologist. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179065.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179365.asp The three main types of Neuromuscular Degenerative Disorders are those that involves the muscles (myopathies) Those that involve the junction of the muscles (junctionopathies) and those that involve the nerves of the muscles (neuronopathies). Neuronopathies There are several neuron motor conditions and the ones cited here are just a few. Motor Neuron Disease affects the motor neurons in the cat and usually occurs only when the cat is an adult. The disease destroys the motor neurons responsible for voluntary motor actions such as walking, speaking, and breathing. Cats will suffer from muscular problems and have weak muscles and difficulty in walking. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179365.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179765.asp Perhaps the most important concern in helping a Chinese Crested puppy to develop into a physically healthy adult dog would be dental health. As is sometimes the case with toy breeds, the Chinese Crested is especially prone to irregular bite patterns, missing teeth and gum disease. Missing teeth, in particular, are so commonly found in the Chinese Crested dog that they are not even penalized in show. For these reasons, it is absolutely imperative that the Chinese Crested be fed with small, regular meals and given food with a softer, flakier consistency than most breeds demand. Hard, dry dog food might lead to broken teeth, if the dog even proves capable of chewing it in the first place. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179765.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179865.asp Vestibular disease is responsible for the altering of the cat's understanding of its physical surroundings. The vestibular apparatus is the neurological parts of the body that guide the cat through this process. It directs the cat's motions and activities in relation to the earth, for example, whether you are standing up, sitting down, turning in one direction, spinning around, walking, running etc. This system uses the eyes and legs to help a cat get its bearings and to determine what action it needs to execute the appropriate move; walk, run, jump and more. In the vestibular system the eyes are used to see moving objects (peripheral vision) without having to succumb to dizziness. Nystagmus in particular impairs the cat's ability to roll the eyes back and forth or provide a rotational movement. What generally happens is that the eye movement is slower in one direction that it should be. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102179865.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102180565.asp Physically, the Chinese Crested dog is a breed of a somewhat sensitive disposition. They are especially prone to such as digestive problems and, with the Hairless variety especially, unfortunate skin conditions. The following will address the most common skin problems Chinese Cresteds suffer from and how to combat and prevent these ailments. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102180565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102180565.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102180665.asp Osteochondrodysplasia is a bone disease, which causes lameness and is unique to the Scottish Fold Cat breed. When two Scottish Folded ear cats are breed together the Kittens develop malformations in the legs, tail, spine, and growth plates (the end regions of the femur (thighbone). So serious is this disease that the Governing Council of The Cat Fancy (GCCF) has banned the breed. The cat breed continued in the USA as the American breeders felt that a folded ear cat and normal ear cat could breed and the disease causing arthritis and lameness would not replicate. With this particular breeding, the offspring would now only have one copy (heterozygous) of the gene and not two (one from each parent - homozygous). However new research out of Australia indicates that any Scottish Fold cat with folded ears bread to any other cat will still pass the gene onto their offspring. The only difference is that the arthritis is slower to manifest in the litter than if two folded ear cats were breed together. Nevertheless American breeders have been breeding out the gene for generations. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102180665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102180665.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102181365.asp Persian and exotic shorthaired cats are especially susceptible to a genetic kidney disorder known as Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD). The same dominant gene occurs in dogs, other animals, and humans. Research began in the 1990s using female Persians as the test subject. Causes Even though kittens are born with cysts, the disease is slow to manifest and causes enlarged kidneys and kidney dysfunction in older Persians of seven years of age and older. In the beginning of the cyst formation, they are small, no larger than a centimeter or so. The cysts at this point do not seem to pose a problem in kittens but as the cats age, the cysts become much larger. The kidneys enlarge as the cysts enlarge. The cysts also grow in numbers as well as size. The kidneys are taxed to the point that they can no longer function normally and shut down which ultimately causes renal failure. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102181365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102181365.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102181865.asp Progressive Retinal Atrophy, also known as retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy (RPED), is part of a group of genetic degenerative eye diseases that affect the retina. Although it is more common in dogs it is also found in cats especially Persians, Abyssinian, some shorthairs and Siamese cats. Causes The disease causes vision impairment, which eventually leads to blindness. Progressive Retinal Atrophy appears in both male and female cats and is either a dominant or recessive trait (autosomal trait). This disease is similar in nature to Retina Pigmentosa in humans. In Abyssinian cats there are two forms of the disease, if it present at birth or shortly thereafter it is a genetic autosomal dominant gene. If it occurs in middle age it is genetic autosomal recessive gene. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102181865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102181865.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182165.asp There are several feline respiratory viruses, which tend to resemble one and another. They belong to a group of viruses called Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) also known as feline influenza. Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is a primary viral infection of the upper respiratory system. The herpes virus causes it. It is a contagious virus spread through contact with the secretions of a diseased cat and through the air. The virus will embed itself in the nasal cavity; nose, nasopharynx (the structure found directly behind the nose and before the palate) and the tonsils. The virus spreads through nasal, saliva and eye secretions. The virus can also be spread through the sharing of eating bowls, litter boxes, cat beds, anything that the cat will come in contact with. The virus will appear after two to five days from the time it entered the body. The Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) will then last up to three weeks before it disappears. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182165.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182265.asp Feline Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) is cat flu and is caused by a virus or bacterial infection, which is very similar to the common cold in humans. It infects the oral and nasal passages. The virus is very infectious and prevalent in areas where multiple cats are housed. Kittens are very susceptible as their immune systems are weaker than that of an adult cat. The virus or bacterium is not serious and clears up in about three weeks. However in rare causes the virus or bacterium can develop into pneumonia and then become more serious with the possibility of death. Infected cats that are very sick at the time of the disease may not eat or drink, and will require intravenous injections and or hospital care. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182265.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182365.asp Urinary Tract infections are more common in cats than in dogs, they are very painful for your pet to have to suffer through. They can be caused by stones in the urinary tract, bladder stones, or a bacterial infection. The sites of the bacteria are usually in the bladder or urethra, which is the passageway to outside of the cat's body. Urinary problems should never be taken lightly, if left untreated they can develop into more serious conditions such as kidney failure. Feline Urological Syndrome or Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is basically an inflamed bladder. It is important to note that there could be several reasons why the disease occurs and many doctors over simplify the disease calling it Bladder infection and treating only the symptoms without looking any further for an underlying cause. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182365.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182465.asp Very few people can resist a cute and cuddly kitten, only very few people want to keep that kitten after it has grown into a full grown cat. Cats and kittens end up in animal shelters or are discarded on roads, or simply left to become feral cats outdoors. Therefore one could say that the first birth difficulty is actually finding suitable permanent homes for cats before you cat actually gets pregnant. Felines are very fertile creatures, with the average cat having five or six kittens in each litter. Some breeds are inclined to have bigger litters. From the time your cat is five months old, she will be in and out of heat from January to October with a reprieve in November and December for pet owners living in Europe and North America. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182465.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182565.asp Feline bite wounds are usually associated with feral cats which fight to protect their territory from other strange cats. The teeth will penetrate the skins causing a lesion or wound that will heal over. The problem occurs because bacteria grow under the surface of the skin either from debris that got into it when it was an open wound or from the attacking cat's saliva. Causes The particular type of bacteria found in a cat's mouth is Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus; both of which require very little oxygen. Once the wound closes the oxygen from the environment is cut off and the bacteria begin to grow and multiply. The process of infection begins with the wound that becomes inflamed, swells, and is painful. If the wound bite is on the leg there will be swelling, abscess and possibly lameness. Other common bite wounds sites are found on the face, the back, the rump, and the tail. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182565.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182865.asp The feline eyelid is very different from human eyelids. First of all cats do not have cilia, which we know as eyelashes, though they do have a thin layer of lashes that are somewhat like eyelashes, simply because they are different from any other kind of hair. The cat's eyelids are also more tightly fit against the cornea than humans. The conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the eyeball. The conjunctiva and eyelid touch. Felines have less of a conjunctival sac than humans. Because the eyelid is so close to the conjunctiva it can be subject to several kinds of infections such as conjunctivitis (reddening of the eye). Persian and Himalayan cats suffer from various glandular cysts in the eyelids. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182865.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182965.asp The two reasons for the inability to hear or deafness in cats is conduction and neurological problems. Conduction anomalies are associated with the structures of the ear. The outer ear is known as the Pinna, then there is the Tympanic membrane which is the eardrum, the ear canal, and the middle ear which is also called the auditory ossicles. Neurological problems can occur in the brain, inner ear, or the auditory nerve. There is unilateral deafness implying that one ear is involved or bilateral deafness involving both ears. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102182965.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102183965.asp Feline diarrhea is a problem of loose or messy stools and originates in the small or large intestine. Diarrhea is also one of the most common reasons for a cat owner to visit a veterinarian. More often then not diarrhea is a symptom of another underlying problem. Types of Diarrhea and Location Sudden diarrhea originating in the small intestine gives the cat an urgency to defecate. It usually lasts for about 48 hours and then clears up on its own. Often when the cat has bouts of diarrhea it will lose its appetite as well. Chronic diarrhea in the small intestine is a large amount of watery stool that is a brownish color. Sometimes it takes on a blackish color if there is blood in the stool. It usually last for about a week at a time. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102183965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102183965.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102184865.asp For the most part, the Dandie Dinmont Terrier is a healthy dog, but some of the breed has a tendency to suffer from ntervertebral disc protrusion, hip dysplasia, lymphoma, patellar luxation, and ear infections. Because of their short legs and body low to the ground, they tend to be longer than taller. This can create back problems if you allow your dog to become overweight. That doesn't mean that any of these health issues will affect every dog, or even the majority of them, but there are certainly enough cases for potential owners to become aware of the potential risks they may be taking, especially when the potential purchase price of this breed is so high. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102184865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102184865.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185165.asp Healthy cats will have clean ears. The inside of the ear will be pink and odor free. They will not have scratches or hair loss around the ears nor will they have ear wax buildup inside of the ear. The first acute sense in a cat is the sense of sight, while the second is sound. Their sense of sound is magnified compared to humans. A feral cat must be able to hear vermin running across the field to alert it that it is time for dinner. The sense of sound develops about the second week of life so that a baby kitten can hear its mother purring. When the inside of the ear is unhealthy it could be caused by a fungal infection or ear mites. The signs include extremely red ears, dark discharge or ear wax buildup. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185165.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185665.asp Several conditions can lead to your cat having eye drainage. The cat will secrete anything from thin and watery, to thick and postulant, and from clear in color to yellowish or greenish. These conditions are caused by inflammation, infections, such as the flu and evasion of viruses. Sometimes it is caused by an inherited gene or a malfunction of the tear glands that cause eye drainage. The most common condition for the drainage of the eye is called runny eye. Certain breeds of cats are more prone to leaky eyes than others. Causes Runny eyes can be caused by the over production of tears. Tears are produced normally to keep the lining of the eye moist. The tears then flow into the tear ducts making their way into the nose. But if there is a problem, the tears will spill onto the face and that is how we determine a cat has runny eyes. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185665.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185765.asp It is very common for a veterinarian to see cats coming into her office with red eyes. Red eye may or may not be painful, but cat owners often observe that their cat has been pawing at his eye or face. Often time there is redness and swelling in the inner eyelid known as the conjunctiva, when this condition occurs it is called chemosis. The cause of chemosis or simply conjunctiva is due to an irritation, a foreign substance that has made its way into the inner eyelid and lodged there. It could be dust or a piece of hair. Any foreign substance would make the eye irritated and inflamed. Occasionally the ulcers can penetrate into deeper areas of the cornea and then your cat is at risk for the ruptures in the eye and causing complete eyesight. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185765.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185865.asp Acne is not only a teenage problem but a very common disease in cats. Feline Acne affects cats of various breeds and ages. It occurs in males and female cats alike. The condition can be so mild that it is hardly noticeable. What is Feline Acne? The sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called sebum, which lubricates the skin and hair follicles in particular. Their function is to prevent dryness in the skin and to protect the skin's surface from irritation. The sebaceous glands are found at the bottom of the tail, the cat's back, its genital area, eyelids, lips and skin. The sebaceous glands play an important role in cat behaviour. It is the cat's way of marking its territory or domain. If you see your cat rubbing its head or chin across a surface, it is marking its territory and over time it will leave greasy marks in those places. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185865.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185965.asp Gastritis literally means the inflammation of the stomach. There are many causes for gastritis and most commonly occur when cats do not properly digest their food. They could: Ingest foreign objects such as string and paper that would cause trauma to the stomach Ingest bad or spoiled food from the garbage and other places especially if they are feral cats. This food turns into bacterial toxins Ingest toxins from eating plants Ingest drugs like aspirin which can prove lethal to a cat Acquire allergies to certain food Overeat, change diet, or eat too much fatty foods http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102185965.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186065.asp Lameness is a very common problem found in felines. Lameness can be caused by a number of factors contributing to the cat's inability to walk normally. Lameness refers specifically to walking with a limp or having difficulty walking. Essentially, the various reasons for difficulty in walking can be attributed to some disease of the musculoskeletal system brought on by genetic factors, trauma to the bones, virus and other infections, and arthritis. Yet, in many cases the root cause of lameness is really not known. Listed here are some conditions and diseases where lameness is known to occur. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186065.asp> Mon, 22 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186165.asp A common problem in cats today is obesity. More than half the cat population is now overweight, and it is quickly becoming the norm. We see the commercials, the cartoons, the storybook fantasies about overweight cats and we buy into it. Who doesn't love Garfield, Hollywood's favourite fat cat? The trouble is fat cats are not healthy and they are predisposed to certain diseases such as diabetes, arthritis and hepatic Lipidoses. Is it really worth risking your cat's life to show that you have a fat cat? Causes Obesity no longer is an issue simply for humans. Domestic animals now are becoming obese due to a sedentary life style and a diet rich in calories. Yes some of you might find it hard to believe that cats can be overweight but have you actually watched how much your cat is eating? http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186465.asp English Springer Spaniels are generally characterized as fairly calm and quite loyal dogs. If an English Springer Spaniel behaves aggressively, it may not be just a temperament issue. Many believe that English Springer Spaniels are susceptible to a rare disorder called rage syndrome. Though some contest that the illness exists; it is something to consider. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102186465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102187465.asp English Springer Spaniels are generally healthy dogs, but within the breed, there are some common health problems. The breed is prone to hip dysplasia, progressive retinal apathy, retinal dysplasia and phosphofructokinase deficiency. Owners should contact a veterinarian if symptoms present themselves. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102187465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102187465.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102188165.asp Fortunately, Harriers are one of the healthiest of dog breeds, suffering only very rarely from a handful of conditions. One issue that is sometimes seen in the breed is "knuckling over"; this is not really a condition or disease in and of itself, but rather a sign or symptom of some underlying problem. When a dog experiences knuckling over, he begins to drag his hind feet when walking. Toe nails are worn down as are knuckles and the skin on the surface of the hind feet. Sometimes the front legs and feet are affected; the problem first arises, or at least is noticed, in the wrist area. There may be a bending of the foot and/or a bending or bowing of the legs; the front legs often cannot support the weight of the dog. The joints can also start swelling. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102188165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102188165.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102188565.asp One of the conditions which sometimes affects Harriers is often not seen as a health condition, but rather a behavioral problem: genetic shyness. Lately, however, there has been an increase in the debate concerning whether or not shyness in dogs is entirely dictated by environment, or whether there is a genetic predisposition in some dogs, or even some breeds, to become shy; this is the whole nature versus nurture debate. Indeed, many scientists are now claiming that shyness does have a genetic component and it may be inherited. In the past, it was automatic to assume that any dog who demonstrated shyness had been abused some time in his past. This certainly happens, and shy dogs may have a variety of traumatic experiences in their pasts, but this is by no means the case for all shy dogs. There are a number of shy dogs who have had loving homes from the beginning and yet exhibit some of the signs of shyness; there are also many dogs who have been abused and have never exhibited shyness. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102188565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102188565.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189065.asp The effects of selective breeding on dogs, and other living things (including plants), can often be negative. When breeding for a particular trait, humans necessarily restrict the gene pool that goes into a mating, because they will only use organisms with certain characteristics. The more an organism is exposed to strict selective breeding for very specific characteristics, the smaller the available gene pool will become. This small gene pool means that the characteristics of the organism being bred become concentrated, and the same traits will pop up over and over again with high frequency; this is called "breeding true." For example, the Beagle breeds true because each and every Beagle that is born will look a certain way and act a certain way, within a range, of course. Unfortunately, these "concentrated gene pools" also mean that there is an increase in genetic diseases. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189065.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189265.asp The effects of selective breeding on dogs, and other living things (including plants), can often be negative. When breeding for a particular trait, humans necessarily restrict the gene pool that goes into a mating, because they will only use organisms with certain characteristics. The more an organism is exposed to strict selective breeding for very specific characteristics, the smaller the available gene pool will become. This small gene pool means that the characteristics of the organism being bred become concentrated, and the same traits will pop up over and over again with high frequency; this is called "breeding true." For example, the Beagle breeds true because each and every Beagle that is born will look a certain way and act a certain way, within a range, of course. Unfortunately, these "concentrated gene pools" also mean that there is an increase in genetic diseases. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189265.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189965.asp The Finnish Spitz is one of the most attractive looking breed of dogs with a beautifully colored and textured coat. It is important that a proper care regimen is followed to keep these dogs in the best condition and free from any health problems. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102189965.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190465.asp Like many of today's dogs that have the benefit of dedicated breeders whose goal is the betterment of the breed, Old English Sheepdogs do not often suffer from a large number of inherited health problems. Despite this, though, there are some conditions that are occasionally seen in the breed and that can sometimes cause worry. Among these health issues there are a variety of conditions grouped under the category of autoimmune diseases. The immune system is vital in protecting an animal's body from foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria; it acts somewhat like an army, attacking any cells that enter the body, which do not belong in the body. Its action depends on the fact that it can recognize what cells belong to the body of an animal and what cells don't. When an animal has an autoimmune disease, something malfunctions in the immune system's capability to distinguish what is "self" and what is "non-self"; the immune system views some part of the body of the animal as foreign and believes it is a threat, attacking it. An autoimmune disease can involve a single organ, a certain area of the body, or the entire body; the severity of the condition is dependent on how large an area and what vital organs are involved. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190565.asp The Finnish Spitz are basically a healthy breed of dogs and do not suffer from many of the ailments common with other breeds. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190565.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190565.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190965.asp As mentioned previously, thanks to their limited popularity and successful, informed breeding programs, Harriers are fortunate enough to not suffer from a great deal of genetic diseases. Actually, these dogs are considered one of the healthiest registered breeds. Occasionally, genetic conditions pop up and it is for this reason that breeders still advocate running genetic screens on adults and puppies; breeding individuals with genetic problems would increase the incidence of the genetic problems and the Harrier would no longer enjoy its healthy reputation. Though they haven't been seen in many years, eye problems have been diagnosed in some Harrier puppies and so it's best if you get your Harrier screened for the most common eye problems in dogs. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102190965.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102191465.asp As mentioned, the Old English Sheepdog is a relatively healthy breed; this does not mean, though, that it does not suffer from some health issues, many of which have a genetic component. One of these conditions, which is common in other large breed dogs as well, is Bloat; some confusion exists regarding the actual name of this condition, as it can also be called Gastric Torsion or Gastric Dilation-Volvulus (GDV). This is not a disease to be taken lightly, as a good number of dogs that suffer from it die, often quickly; treatment can be complicated and may not always turn out positively. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102191465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102191465.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102191865.asp The Old English Sheepdog may also suffer from conditions that are not genetic; one of these conditions is heatstroke, which can be common in dogs that have dense, profuse coats, especially if they live in areas where the temperatures get high. Dogs that engage in strenuous activity are at an especially high risk for heat stroke; while older dogs might naturally calm down on hot days, puppies must be looked after because they will have a tendency to play heartily, regardless of temperature. If your dog spends a great deal of time outdoors, heatstroke is a serious concern. You should provide ample amounts of shade, water for drinking, and possibly some kind of container large enough in which the dog can wade and cool off his entire body. The best thing to do is make sure your dog stays indoors, in the air conditioning, as much as possible. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102191865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102191865.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192165.asp As with all other breeds of dog, the German Shorthaired Pointer is susceptible to a handful of genetic disorders, some more serious than others. One of these disorders is called Lymphedema. “Lymph” is a clear fluid that is gathered from the tissues and the spaces between the tissues of the body, to be dumped back into the blood using specialized vessels called lymph vessels. “Edema”, on the other hand, refers to swelling due to the presence of excess fluid within and between the tissues of the body. So the condition “lymphedema” involves the excessive accumulation of the protein-rich lymphatic fluid, which causes tissue swelling. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192165.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192465.asp Another condition that seems to affect the German Shorthaired Pointer, though to a much lesser extent than others, is pannus (also known as chronic superficial keratitis), a corneal disease involving chronic inflammation, possibly brought on by an overly sensitive immune system. This disease mostly affects German Shepherds, though there are a handful of other breeds in which the condition occurs, the German Shorthaired Pointer being one of these. Exactly how the disease begins is unclear, though there is evidence that environmental factors may trigger its onset and influence how severe the disease gets; these factors include altitude and ultraviolet light. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192465.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192765.asp One of the most devastating diseases that a dog can develop is canine hip dysplasia. Unfortunately, the German Shorthaired Pointer is susceptible to developing this disease. It seems as if the condition is caused by more than one gene acting together and it may be triggered by some environmental factor or factors, such as exercise, rater of growth and level of nutrition; this means that although a dog may be genetically predisposed to develop hip dysplasia, the condition may not pop up unless the right environmental factors are in place. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192765.asp> Thu, 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192965.asp Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder in dogs and our canine companions seem to be the pets most often afflicted with this disorder; it’s quite rare in cats. This disorder affects the thyroid gland, which is made of two small, connected lobes in the neck, on either side of the windpipe, that together are shaped like a butterfly. It is a very important gland because it has quite a number of functions, but one of its most important ones is the regulation of metabolism; it does this through a chemical messenger, or hormone, called thyroid hormone. The word “hypo” means “below normal”, and so hypothyroidism means a below normal activity of the thyroid, and more specifically, a below normal secretion level of thyroid hormone. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102192965.asp> Tue, 23 Oct 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102195965.asp The Havanese breed seems to suffer from a wide variety of health problems, though none of these health problems seems to appear with a high frequency. This is most likely due to the fact that Havanese breeders and enthusiasts have dedicated a great amount of time, effort and research into keeping the gene pool healthy and minimizing the risk of disease development. Indeed, the breed is thought to be relatively healthy and the average lifespan for one of these dogs can be anywhere from 12 to 15 years of age. Heath problems do pop up in the breed, though, some more often than others and some more serious than others. One of the health problems seen occasionally in the Havanese is the liver shunt. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102195965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102195965.asp> Wed, 14 Nov 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200265.asp The Italian Greyhound is a dog that has relatively good health without any real major health problems. The one health issue that this dog does have is with their teeth. Dental problems are the one health issue that affects the Italian Greyhound the most. Many people don't realize how important it is to keep their dog's teeth clean. Many vets feel that failure to properly care for the teeth of the Italian Greyhound can shorten their life span as well as cause infections. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200265.asp> Wed, 14 Nov 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200365.asp As the Bedlington Terrier is not a particularly common breed, it can be rather difficult to tell what to look for when it comes time to pick one out. For the most part, the breed looks like a small lamb; but there are special traits that should and should not be found on a Bedlington. While determining these things can be very important if one is looking to breed their dog, they are also important to ensure that the dog will not have any severe health problems in the future. From stance, to head shape, to its curly coat, all have a certain characteristics that make a Bedlington Terrier a Bedlington Terrier. The most striking characteristic of the Bedlington Terrier is its distinctive head. Unlike other dog breeds that have a muzzle, the line from their nose to their forehead remains completely unbroken giving the Bedlington its lamblike appearance. Just as much, the head should remain uniform and slender with no heavy cheeks or jowls. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200365.asp> Wed, 14 Nov 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200465.asp The Italian Greyhound is a small breed of dog similar to the Greyhound, only much smaller. Unlike the greyhound, however, they don't have the tolerance to inclement weather that the greyhound does. Most dogs have body coat and hair that adjust to the weather. Many dog owners will put their dogs outside year round with the belief that the dog gets a winter and summer coat to adjust to the temperature variances. This is not necessarily the case with the Italian Greyhound. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200465.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102200465.asp> Wed, 14 Nov 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102203865.asp When looking into adding a Bernese mountain dog to your family, one of the things that you will need to take into account is its lifespan. As with all large dogs, the Bernese is not expected to live a particularly long life. Usually their general lifespan is around 10 years. However, due to poor health, often the breed only lives until it is around 7 years old. So why is this and why does the Bernese have such a short lifespan? The Things That Affect the Bernese Mountain Dogs Lifespan It is thought that the average age of the Bernese mountain dog has decreased as time has gone on. Whilst it used to be 10 years, now the average lifespan of the breed is 6-8 years. Generally with larger dogs you expect that they will not live that long. However the Bernese mountain dog did usually used to live for 10 years. Some dogs still do and they are perfectly healthy. However there does seem to have been an increase in diseases such as cancer within the breed and that is why many are now dying earlier than they should. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102203865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102203865.asp> Wed, 14 Nov 2007 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102206065.asp Overall the Tibetan Terrier is a healthy dog with few health problems associated with their stock. Yet, there are a few that need to be monitored for including their eye problems. The dogs can develop cataracts and in fact these are sometimes common in the dogs as they age. The cataracts that they have are often the same as you would see in a human cataract situation. Yet, for dogs that can not tell you what is wrong, it is up to the owner to pay close attention to these dogs and the quality of eyesight that they have. There are also several other types of eye conditions that can affect your Tibetan Terrier that you can monitor them for. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102206065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102206065.asp> Fri, 18 Jan 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102211965.asp Juvenile Kidney Disease, also known as Juvenile Renal Disease, is very common in many of the popular breeds of dogs. The list of breeds that is affected by the disease ranges from the tiny Yorkshire Terrier up to the large and giant breeds such as the Great Danes and the Irish Wolfhounds. Other breeds can include the Standard Poodle, Alaskan Malamute and the King Charles Spaniels to name just a few. It is largely believed that Juvenile Kidney Disease is somehow genetic in nature, but there are no tests or specific indicators to predetermine if a breeding male or female in any breed is carrying the gene that causes the condition. Often the biggest problem in diagnosing or correctly diagnosing Juvenile Kidney Disease is that it is wrongly grouped as part of other types of kidney diseases including renal dysplasia, which is common in many of these same breeds of dogs. The only way to completely confirm the death of the puppy or the presence of the condition of Juvenile Kidney Disease is by a biopsy of the kidney either after the second month or after the death of the puppy. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102211965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102211965.asp> Fri, 18 Jan 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102212165.asp Follicular dermatitis is a skin condition where the actual hair follicle becomes inflamed and produces a swelling, often with a pus like discharge similar to an ingrown hair or a pimple that a human may have. While the condition is not usually serious; it is actually more unsightly and annoying than dangerous, if the bumps become infected or if the condition becomes widespread on the dog's body there is always the chance of hair loss, serious skin infections and the possibility of a weakened immunes system for the dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102212165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102212165.asp> Sun, 23 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102214965.asp The first time that you take your puppy or dog to the vets there will be more information required than on subsequent visits so be sure to arrive to the appointment early enough to complete the questionnaire and information required. Typically this paperwork will include the name and age of the dog or puppy, the breed or breed cross if known, as well any medical history that the owner is aware of. This history should include past vaccinations so bring the dog's vaccination record, as well as any surgical procedures or drug treatments that the dog has been placed on at any time in the past. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102214965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102214965.asp> Mon, 24 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215065.asp Once your puppy is through the series of three puppy vaccinations and boosters it is absolutely critical to keep vaccinations up to date and current at all times. Many owners think that the puppy vaccinations provide permanent safety for the dog, but this is completely false. Dogs need yearly vaccinations for many conditions and other vaccinations at longer or shorter periods depending on the particular condition as well as the environment that the dog is going into. Some dog owners stop vaccinating their dogs because the owners believe that their dogs are not exposed on a regular basis to other dogs. Unfortunately all it takes is drinking from another dog's water, being in the presence of a dog when it sneezes, or of course getting into a fight or even playing with another dog and breaking the skin or ingesting the other dogs body fluids to contract some of these diseases. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215065.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215065.asp> Tue, 25 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215165.asp Dogs will naturally eat almost anything that they find including spoiled meat, and food items, other dog waste and even waste from other animals. In this diet of less that sanitary foods most dogs will routinely get worms, small parasites that live in the intestines and other parts of the body throughout their lifecycle. Worms are very bad for a dog as they tend to weaken the dog's overall health, immune system, and ability to recover from sickness and disease. Worms can also be passed from a pregnant female to her puppies before they are born. While it is impossible to prevent your dog from ever getting worms, it is simple and easy to regularly treat your dog for worms. Over the counter worming tablets, pastes, powders and liquids are relatively ineffective and typically only treat roundworms, which are the least serious of all the types of worms that dogs may have. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215165.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215165.asp> Wed, 26 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215265.asp It seems like no matter where you live, unless you are very lucky, fleas are a major problem for most pet owners. Fleas are particularly problematic because they are not species specific as some parasites, which means they are happy to feast on your dog, your cat, the rabbit or even on the family. Fleas are more than annoying; they can carry tapeworm eggs and other diseases as well as lead to severe allergic reactions in many dogs. Some breeds are particularly prone to flea allergies and controlling fleas will be essential in these breeds. Most vets recommend a monthly flea treatment that works to disrupt the natural cycle of development, thereby reducing the number of adult fleas on the pet and in the environment to lay eggs to produce another generation. The key to using these topical applications is to be consistent and use them on the schedule, keeping all the pets the house treated. It will not be as effective if you only treat the dogs and not the cats or vice versa. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215265.asp> Thu, 27 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215365.asp Ticks, like fleas, are found in most areas of the world, particularly those that are well vegetated with lots of grasses, brushes and trees. Ticks are blood sucking insects that attach themselves to the skin of any mammal and can stay attached for several days or until they have finished feeding. Ticks can carry a condition known as Lyme disease that can have several different symptoms in dogs. The condition is actually caused by a bacteria found in the tick known by the scientific name of borrelia burgdorferi. Not all ticks can transmit the bacteria, but there are three different tick species that can, the most common being the Deer Tick that is found in most areas across North America and other areas of the world. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215365.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215365.asp> Sun, 30 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215665.asp In case of emergency, most people have a well-stocked first aid kit available for their family but sometimes forget to have an emergency dog first aid kit for their pet. Regardless of how careful you are, there is always the possibility of an accident or injury to your dog or ending up in a situation where you need to assist someone else with his or her injured pet, so you should always be ready and prepared. Having a first aid dog emergency kit on hand could make the difference in a serious or life threatening situation. You can purchase ready-made dog first aid kits or buy the items and make your own. It is best to keep a fully stocked dog first aid emergency kit at home and one or more portable dog first aid kits for traveling. Some of the places you should always take an emergency portable first aid kit with you [include: http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215665.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215665.asp> Mon, 31 Mar 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215765.asp Warm and hot weather safety for their dogs is something that all owners should know and understand as it could save their pets life. Regardless of where you live, summertime brings warmer temperatures, longer daylight hours and the need to understand and practice heatstroke safety for your dog. It is your responsibility as a dog owner to protect your pet and make sure that it does not get overheated or suffer any negative effects or even worse, death from the summer heat. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215765.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215765.asp> Tue, 1 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215865.asp Dogs bring their human families a great deal of happiness in their lives and love their owners unconditionally. Unfortunately even in the most controlled environments it is still possible for your pet to receive a severe or minor cut or wound that will need treatment to prevent infection. Owners should have a basic understanding of how to treat simple and more significant types of cuts and wound to provide first aid until the dog can be examined more completely by a vet. If your pet is injured or has an accident, assessing the severity of the wounds or cuts and knowing what to do could save your pets life. There are several common causes of injuries such as traffic accidents, stepping on a sharp object, dogfights, and running into something sharp. There are times when you can treat the animal's injuries yourself and other times when you need to seek immediate medical attention for your pet. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215865.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215865.asp> Wed, 2 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215965.asp Foot injuries can be particularly problematic for dogs since it is so very hard to immobilize a dog or limit the movement and pressure on the pads of their feet when they walk. A dog's foot is designed to uniformly and evenly balance the weight when the dog moves, not like a human foot where we can voluntarily shift our weight from the front to the back or from side to side. Dogs can limp or they can just touch down on the tip of the pads for balance, but that is about all the movement options that they have. Responding to foot injuries and providing treatment as soon as possible is key to prevent long-term damage to the foot. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102215965.asp> Sat, 5 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102216265.asp Although most owners will never be faced with the need to provide either artificial respiration or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to their dogs, it is still a good idea to understand how to implement the procedures should it be required. Many dogs that are in accidents or are hit by cars do need artificial respiration or CPR to stay alive and taking a pet first aid program or training is a great way to learn these techniques plus pet first aid. The first thing to do when arriving on the scene where a dog has been hurt or injured is to check for safety issues rather than just racing over to the dog. It will do not good to the dog if you are hurt or injured and cannot perform the procedures. Stop and look around, is it safe, is there traffic, is there someone there to help? In addition check to make sure there are no power lines or electrical wires present if the dog has been in an accident that involves any type of power wires or construction areas. If the area is safe the next step will be to check the dog. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102216265.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102216265.asp> Sat, 12 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EST http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102216965.asp There are several different types of kidney diseases that are common in various breeds of dogs as well as mixed breed dogs. Since the kidneys of a dog work to filter wastes from the blood and produce urine to remove those wastes as well as help to balance various components of the blood they play a large roll in overall canine health. Kidneys also work in tandem with other body organs and systems to help to regulate blood pressure, release and manage the production of calcium in the body, regulate and manage phosphorous in the blood as well as produce hormones that lead to the production of new red blood cells in the body. This is all done through the nephrons or tiny filters that make up the kidney. There are literally millions of these tiny filters each performing multiple tasks to keep the body healthy and free from wastes. http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102216965.asp#comments http://www.terrificpets.com/articles/102216965.asp>