Respiratory distress, shock and heat stroke in dogs

Topic: How to deal with a pet emergency

Filed under Dogs

Tags: Respiratory Problems, Heat Stroke, Dehydration

 

There are several reasons why dogs may suddenly start having trouble breathing. One of the most common reasons is an allergic reaction to something in the dog's environment. Dogs, just like humans, can be allergic to airborne molds, spores and chemicals as well as environmental contaminants on the ground, in the house or even plants and trees in the yard or park. Cleaning solutions can be particularly problematic for some dogs as can aerosol sprays, room deodorizers and even perfumes and hair products that human's use. Of course dogs can also be allergic to things they eat with severe reactions causing labored breathing, panting, drooling even choking like symptoms if the throat swells.

Respiratory distress can also be caused by conditions such as a collapsed trachea that is blocking the dog's ability to bring air into or out of the lungs. Often this is recognized by a gurgling, wheezing sound when the dog is breathing, especially if he or she has been exercising. The other key symptom is a loud honking cough that occurs whenever the dog is breathing rapidly or panting. As the condition worsens so will the cough, even when the dog is at rest. These dogs will seem to gasp for air with just a slight amount of movement. Often they will bark and then wheeze since barking requires a substantial amount of air passage. Collapsed trachea is most common in small and toy breeds, especially those that have the short noses like Boston Terriers, Pugs and even Bulldogs and Pomeranians. Using a harness instead of a collar can help reduce any pressure on the trachea and prevent further damage. If the dog begins to cough or wheeze immediately get them to a quiet area where they can be calm. If they have overheated cool the dog off as quickly as possible but don't use ice, this can cause the dog to go into shock. Cool water rinsed on the legs and body is the best option for a safe temperature change. If cool water isn't available get the dog into the shade, in an air-conditioned room or even in a vehicle with air conditioning.

Shock occurs when there is any type of trauma to the body or a rapid temperature change restricts or changes the blood flow in the dog's body. The dog's body responds immediately to any decreased in blood flow by trying to adjust or compensate. The heart begins to beat faster and all but the vital organs stop functioning. This helps to preserve the volume of fluid in the circulatory system that is going to the vital organs. The dog's breathing will also slow down, resulting in less oxygen into the body. Gradually, over time the body will simply shut down, resulting in coma and death.

Dehydration, poisoning, accidents or serious infections can all lead to shock in dogs. The signs of shock in dogs are very similar to that in humans. The dog will lie down and refuse to move about, appear very listless and depressed, breath very slowly and shallowly and have pale gums and mucus membranes in the mouth and nose. The feet, legs and ears will feel very cold to the touch and the heartbeat will be faint and very rapid at the onset, slowing as the condition worsens.

To help a dog in shock it is important to deal with all fluid losses from the body. Bandage all wounds and apply pressure to stop the bleeding. Allow the dog to find a comfortable position and cover them with a coat or blanket, keep them calm and immediately get them to the vet. If they will drink water provide it but don't force water into the dog's mouth.

Heat stroke can occur in any dog but is most likely in brachycephalic breeds. These are short muzzled dogs like Pugs, Bulldogs, Maltese and Boston Terriers. Some Mastiffs and Boxers are also prone to heat stroke. Other breeds at risk are large, double coated dogs that are exercised in very hot and humid weather conditions. Obese dogs of any breed or dogs that have respiratory problems or conditions are also at risk in hot and humid weather. The first signs of heat stroke include excessive panting and drooling, staggering, disorientation and lack of coordination. Since the dog is not able to breath properly the body is not cooling and the internal core temperature is rising. This leads to neurological functioning impairments, coma and very quickly death if not treated. Dogs left in vehicles typically die from heat stroke in just a few minutes in hot temperatures, which is why owners need to avoid this practice even if they are just running into the store for a few items. Cars can easily heat to over 120 degrees in the southern states in the spring and summer months in just a few minutes in the sun, even if the window is left slightly open.

The first step to emergency treatment of heat stroke is to get the dog's internal temperature down as quickly and effectively as possible. Use a garden hose to run cool but not ice cold water over the dog's body, including the legs and the feet. The more surface area you can get wet the faster cooling will occur. For small breeds placing the dog in a bathtub or sink is also an option but you will have to stay with the dog and hold their head as they can easily drown in just an inch or two of water, especially if they are disorientated or non-responsive. Never leave the dog unattended in a kids pool, sink or bathtub, it is simply too dangerous for the dog.

Any type of cool condition is better than leaving the dog in the sun. Shady areas, in a vehicle with air-conditioning or even just in front of a fan will all help. Offer water but don't expect the dog to drink until their body temperature is near normal. Immediately get the dog to the vet as electrolytes need to be checked and fluids may need to be given intravenously to prevent serious long term neurological damage.

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